ἀήρ

See also: αήρ and Appendix:Variations of "aer"

Ancient Greek

Beekes gives Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr (“morning mist”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér, from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). Cognate with αὔρᾱ (aúrā) (< *h₂éwsreh₂), Latin aurōra.^[1] The a was lengthened to ā by compensatory lengthening.

Sihler gives Proto-Hellenic *āwḗr (“morning mist”) but provides no further etymology.^[2]^[3] See Albanian fjur.

ᾱ̓ήρ • (āḗr) m (genitive ᾱ̓έρος); third declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾱ̓ήρ; τοῦ ᾱ̓έρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾱ̓ήρ ho āḗr	τὼ ᾱ̓έρε tṑ āére	οἱ ᾱ̓έρες hoi āéres
Genitive	τοῦ ᾱ̓έρος toû āéros	τοῖν ᾱ̓έροιν toîn āéroin	τῶν ᾱ̓έρων tôn āérōn
Dative	τῷ ᾱ̓έρῐ tōî āérĭ	τοῖν ᾱ̓έροιν toîn āéroin	τοῖς ᾱ̓έρσῐ / ᾱ̓έρσῐν toîs āérsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾱ̓έρᾰ tòn āéră	τὼ ᾱ̓έρε tṑ āére	τοὺς ᾱ̓έρᾰς toùs āérăs
Vocative	ᾱ̓ήρ āḗr	ᾱ̓έρε āére	ᾱ̓έρες āéres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾱ̓ήρ; ἠέρος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̓ήρ āḗr	ἠέρε ēére	ἠέρες ēéres
Genitive	ἠέρος ēéros	ἠέροιῐ̈ν ēéroiĭ̈n	ἠέρων ēérōn
Dative	ἠέρῐ ēérĭ	ἠέροιῐ̈ν ēéroiĭ̈n	ἠέρσῐ / ἠέρσῐν / ἠέρεσῐ / ἠέρεσῐν / ἠέρεσσῐ / ἠέρεσσῐν ēérsĭ(n) / ēéresĭ(n) / ēéressĭ(n)
Accusative	ἠέρᾰ ēéră	ἠέρε ēére	ἠέρᾰς ēérăs
Vocative	ᾱ̓ήρ āḗr	ἠέρε ēére	ἠέρες ēéres
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ᾱ̓ήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 27
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 54
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 284 A

“ἀήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἀήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἀήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἀήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G109 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ἀήρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- air idem, page 21.
- atmosphere idem, page 49.
- climate idem, page 137.
- weather idem, page 971.
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἀήρ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011