খুৰা
Assamese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰu.ɹa/, /xu.ɹa/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sanskrit ক্ষুদ্ৰতাত (kṣudratāta). Cognate with Bengali খুড়া (khuṛa), Odia ଖୁଡ଼ା (khuṛā).
Alternative forms
- খুড়া (khura)
Noun
খুৰা • (khura)
Declension
| case | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | accusative | dative | terminative | genitive | locative | ||||
| 1st | মোৰ (mür, “my”), আমাৰ (amar, “our”) | খুৰা khura |
খুৰাক khurak |
খুৰালৈ khuraloi |
খুৰালৈকে khuraloike |
খুৰাৰ khurar |
খুৰাত khurat | ||
| 2nd | very familiar; inferior |
তোৰ (tür, “your”), তহঁতৰ (tohõtor, “your(pl)”) | খুৰাৰ khurar |
খুৰাৰক khurarok |
খুৰাৰলৈ khuraroloi |
খুৰাৰলৈকে khuraroloike |
খুৰাৰৰ khuraror |
খুৰাৰত khurarot | |
| familiar | তোমাৰ (tümar, “your”), তোমালোকৰ (tümalükor, “your(pl)”) | খুৰাৰা khurara |
খুৰাৰাক khurarak |
খুৰাৰালৈ khuraraloi |
খুৰাৰালৈকে khuraraloike |
খুৰাৰাৰ khurarar |
খুৰাৰাত khurarat | ||
| formal | আপোনাৰ (apünar, “your”), আপোনালোকৰ (apünalükor, “your(pl)”) | খুৰাক khurak |
খুৰাকক khurakok |
খুৰাকলৈ khurakoloi |
খুৰাকলৈকে khurakoloike |
খুৰাকৰ khurakor |
খুৰাকত khurakot | ||
| 3rd | তাৰ (tar, “his”), তাইৰ (tair, “her”), সিহঁতৰ (xihõtor, “their”), তেওঁৰ (teü̃r, “his/her(frm)”) etc | ||||||||
Related terms
- খুৰী (khuri)
See also
- বৰদেউতা (borodeuta)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Sanskrit খুৰ (khura, “hoof”).
Noun
খুৰা • (khura) (classifier -টো)
Declension
| nominative | খুৰা / খুৰাই (khura / khurai) |
|---|---|
| accusative | খুৰা / খুৰাক (khura / khurak) |
| dative | খুৰালৈ (khuraloi) |
| terminative | খুৰালৈকে (khuraloike) |
| instrumental | খুৰাই / খুৰাৰে (khurai / khurare) |
| genitive | খুৰাৰ (khurar) |
| locative | খুৰাত (khurat) |
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural.
Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc.
Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive.
Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise.
Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too.
Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common.
Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese.
Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.
Etymology 3
| Assamese verb set |
|---|
| খুৰা (khura) |
| খুৰুৱা (khurua) |
| খুৰুউৱা (khuruua) |
From খুৰ (khur, “razor”) + -ওৱা (-üa, “verbal suffix”).
Verb
খুৰা • (khura) (transitive)
Conjugation
| Affirmative (+) | Negative (-) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | খুৰা khura |
নুখুৰা nukhura | |
| Gerund, Past participle, Agentive | খুৰোৱা khurüa |
নুখুৰোৱা nukhurüa | |
| Conjugative | খুৰাই, খুৰা khurai, khura |
নুখুৰাই, নুখুৰা nukhurai, nukhura | |
| Infinitive | খুৰাব khurabo |
নুখুৰাব nukhurabo | |
| Genitive infinitive | খুৰাবৰ khurabor |
নুখুৰাবৰ nukhurabor | |
| Goal | খুৰাবলৈ khuraboloi |
নুখুৰাবলৈ nukhuraboloi | |
| Terminative | খুৰাবলৈকে khuraboloike |
নুখুৰাবলৈকে nukhuraboloike | |
| Future passive participle | খুৰাব লগা / খুৰাব লগীয়া khurabo loga / khurabo logia |
নুখুৰাব লগা / নুখুৰাব লগীয়া nukhurabo loga / nukhurabo logia | |
| Agentive (emphatic) | (m) | খুৰাওঁতা khuraü̃ta |
নুখুৰাওঁতা nukhuraü̃ta |
| f | খুৰাৱঁতী khuraõti |
নুখুৰাৱঁতী nukhuraõti | |
| Contingent | খুৰাওঁতে khuraü͂te |
নুখুৰাওঁতে nukhuraü͂te | |
| Progressive participle | খুৰাওঁতে খুৰাওঁতে khuraü͂te khuraü͂te |
নুখুৰাওঁতে নুখুৰাওঁতে nukhuraü͂te nukhuraü͂te | |
| Reason | খুৰোৱাত khurüat |
নুখুৰোৱাত nukhurüat | |
| Past conditional | খুৰালত khuralot |
নুখুৰালত nukhuralot | |
| Future conditional | খুৰালে khurale |
নুখুৰালে nukhurale | |
| Perfect participle | খুৰাই khurai |
নুখুৰাই nukhurai | |
| Habitual participle | খুৰাই খুৰাই khurai khurai |
নুখুৰাই নুখুৰাই nukhurai nukhurai | |
| Person | First person | Second person | Third person | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Non honorific | ||||
| Singular | মই moi |
তই toi |
তুমি tumi |
আপুনি apuni |
তেওঁ etc teü͂ |
সি m, তাই f etc xi m, tai f | |
| Plural | i | আমি ami |
তহঁত tohõt |
তোমালোক tümalük |
আপোনালোক apünalük |
তেওঁলোক teü͂lük |
সিহঁত etc xihõt |
| t | তহঁতে tohõte |
তোমালোকে tümalüke |
আপোনালোকে apünalüke |
তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke |
সিহঁতে etc xihõte | ||
| Present | |||||||
| Indefinite | + | খুৰাওঁ khuraü͂ |
খুৰাৱ khurao |
খুৰোৱা khurüa |
খুৰায় khuray | ||
| - | নুখুৰাওঁ nukhuraü͂ |
নুখুৰাৱ nukhurao |
নুখুৰোৱা nukhurüa |
নুখুৰায় nukhuray | |||
| Imperfective | + | খুৰাইছোঁ khuraisü͂ |
খুৰাইছ khuraiso |
খুৰাইছা khuraisa |
খুৰাইছে khuraise | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| খুৰোৱা নাই khurüa nai | |||||||
| "not about to" (usage is not common) | |||||||
| নুখুৰাইছোঁ nukhuraisü͂ |
নুখুৰাইছ nukhuraiso |
[[{নুখুৰাইছা]] nukhuraisa |
নুখুৰাইছে nukhuraise | ||||
| Continuous | + | খুৰাই আছোঁ khurai asü͂ |
খুৰাই আছ khurai aso |
খুৰাই আছা khurai asa |
খুৰাই আছে khurai ase | ||
| - | খুৰাই থকা নাই khurai thoka nai | ||||||
| Past | |||||||
| Simple | + | খুৰালোঁ khuralü͂ |
খুৰালি khurali |
খুৰালা khurala |
খুৰালে khurale | ||
| - | নুখুৰালোঁ nukhuralü͂ |
নুখুৰালি nukhurali |
নুখুৰালা nukhurala |
নুখুৰালে nukhurale | |||
| Imperfective | + | খুৰাইছিলোঁ khuraisilü͂ |
খুৰাইছিলি khuraisili |
খুৰাইছিলা khuraisila |
খুৰাইছিলে khuraisile | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| খুৰোৱা নাছিলোঁ khurüa nasilü͂ |
খুৰোৱা নাছিলি khurüa nasili |
খুৰোৱা নাছিলা khurüa nasila |
খুৰোৱা নাছিলে khurüa nasile | ||||
| Habitual | |||||||
| নুখুৰাইছিলোঁ nukhuraisilü͂ |
নুখুৰাইছিলি nukhuraisili |
নুখুৰাইছিলা nukhuraisila |
নুখুৰাইছিলে nukhuraisile | ||||
| Continuous | + | খুৰাই আছিলোঁ khurai asilü͂ |
খুৰাই আছিলি khurai asili |
খুৰাই আছিলা khurai asila |
খুৰাই আছিলে khurai asile | ||
| - | খুৰাই থকা নাছিলোঁ khurai thoka nasilü͂ |
খুৰাই থকা নাছিলি khurai thoka nasili |
খুৰাই থকা নাছিলা khurai thoka nasila |
খুৰাই থকা নাছিলে khurai thoka nasile | |||
| Future | |||||||
| Indicative | + | খুৰাম khuram |
খুৰাবি khurabi |
খুৰাবা khuraba |
খুৰাব khurabo | ||
| - | Indicative | ||||||
| নুখুৰাওঁ nukhuraü͂ |
নুখুৰাৱ nukhurao |
নুখুৰোৱা nukhurüa |
নুখুৰায় nukhuray | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| নুখুৰাম nukhuram |
নুখুৰাবি nukhurabi |
নুখুৰাবা nukhuraba |
নুখুৰাব nukhurabo | ||||
| Continuous | + | খুৰাই থাকিম khurai thakim |
খুৰাই থাকিবি khurai thakibi |
খুৰাই থাকিবা khurai thakiba |
খুৰাই থাকিব khurai thakibo | ||
| - | |||||||
| Indicative | |||||||
| খুৰাই নাথাকোঁ khurai nathakü̃ |
খুৰাই নাথাক khurai nathako |
খুৰাই নাথাকা khurai nathaka |
খুৰাই নাথাকে khurai nathake | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| খুৰাই নাথাকিম khurai nathakim |
খুৰাই নাথাকিবি khurai nathakibi |
খুৰাই নাথাকিবা khurai nathakiba |
খুৰাই নাথাকিব khurai nathakibo | ||||
| Others | |||||||
| Imperative | + | খুৰাওঁ khuraü͂ |
খুৰা khura |
খুৰোৱা khurüa |
খুৰাওক khuraük | ||
| - | — | নুখুৰাবি nukhurabi |
নুখুৰাবা nukhuraba |
নুখুৰাব nukhurabo | |||
| ❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোঁহঁক (ami korü̃hõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle). | |||||||
| ❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns. | |||||||