हदति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

হদতি (Assamese script)
ᬳᬤᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
হদতি (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰟𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀤𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဟဒတိ (Burmese script)
હદતિ (Gujarati script)
ਹਦਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑌦𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦢꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑂠𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಹದತಿ (Kannada script)
ហទតិ (Khmer script)
ຫທຕິ (Lao script)
ഹദതി (Malayalam script)
ᡥᠠᡩᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘟𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠾᠠᢑᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑦿𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐡𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ହଦତି (Odia script)
ꢲꢣꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆢𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖟𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
හදති (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑩭𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚩𑚛𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஹத³தி (Tamil script)
హదతి (Telugu script)
หทติ (Thai script)
ཧ་ད་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒠𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨛𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰed-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéd-e-ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰádati

Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰádati

Sanskrit हदति

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰádati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰádati, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéd-e-ti, from *ǵʰed- (“to defecate”).^[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek χέζω (khézō, “to defecate”), Albanian dhjes (“to shit”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬲 (haδaž, “anus”), Northern Kurdish zotik (“anus”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ́.dɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ.d̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

हद॑ति • (hádati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root हद्)^[2]

Conjugation

Present: हद॑ति (hádati), हद॑ते (hádate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	हद॑ति hádati	हद॑तः hádataḥ	हद॑न्ति hádanti	हद॑ते hádate	हदे॑ते hádete	हद॑न्ते hádante
Second	हद॑सि hádasi	हद॑थः hádathaḥ	हद॑थ hádatha	हद॑से hádase	हदे॑थे hádethe	हद॑ध्वे hádadhve
First	हदा॑मि hádāmi	हदा॑वः hádāvaḥ	हदा॑मः / हदा॑मसि¹ hádāmaḥ / hádāmasi¹	हदे॑ háde	हदा॑वहे hádāvahe	हदा॑महे hádāmahe
Imperative
Third	हद॑तु hádatu	हद॑ताम् hádatām	हद॑न्तु hádantu	हद॑ताम् hádatām	हदे॑ताम् hádetām	हद॑न्ताम् hádantām
Second	हद॑ háda	हद॑तम् hádatam	हद॑त hádata	हद॑स्व hádasva	हदे॑थाम् hádethām	हद॑ध्वम् hádadhvam
First	हदा॑नि hádāni	हदा॑व hádāva	हदा॑म hádāma	हदै॑ hádai	हदा॑वहै hádāvahai	हदा॑महै hádāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	हदे॑त् hádet	हदे॑ताम् hádetām	हदे॑युः hádeyuḥ	हदे॑त hádeta	हदे॑याताम् hádeyātām	हदे॑रन् háderan
Second	हदेः॑ hádeḥ	हदे॑तम् hádetam	हदे॑त hádeta	हदे॑थाः hádethāḥ	हदे॑याथाम् hádeyāthām	हदे॑ध्वम् hádedhvam
First	हदे॑यम् hádeyam	हदे॑व hádeva	हदे॑म hádema	हदे॑य hádeya	हदे॑वहि hádevahi	हदे॑महि hádemahi
Subjunctive
Third	हदा॑त् / हदा॑ति hádāt / hádāti	हदा॑तः hádātaḥ	हदा॑न् hádān	हदा॑ते / हदा॑तै hádāte / hádātai	हदै॑ते hádaite	हद॑न्त / हदा॑न्तै hádanta / hádāntai
Second	हदाः॑ / हदा॑सि hádāḥ / hádāsi	हदा॑थः hádāthaḥ	हदा॑थ hádātha	हदा॑से / हदा॑सै hádāse / hádāsai	हदै॑थे hádaithe	हदा॑ध्वै hádādhvai
First	हदा॑नि hádāni	हदा॑व hádāva	हदा॑म hádāma	हदै॑ hádai	हदा॑वहै hádāvahai	हदा॑महै hádāmahai
Participles
	हद॑त् hádat			हद॑मान hádamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अह॑दत् (áhadat), अह॑दत (áhadata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अह॑दत् áhadat	अह॑दताम् áhadatām	अह॑दन् áhadan	अह॑दत áhadata	अह॑देताम् áhadetām	अह॑दन्त áhadanta
Second	अह॑दः áhadaḥ	अह॑दतम् áhadatam	अह॑दत áhadata	अह॑दथाः áhadathāḥ	अह॑देथाम् áhadethām	अह॑दध्वम् áhadadhvam
First	अह॑दम् áhadam	अह॑दाव áhadāva	अह॑दाम áhadāma	अह॑दे áhade	अह॑दावहि áhadāvahi	अह॑दामहि áhadāmahi

Descendants

Pali: hadati
⇒ Prakrit: *𑀳𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀇 (*haggaï) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “HAD”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 532
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 807

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “HAD”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 532

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “hádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 807

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