सू
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- सु (su), सव् (sav)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সূ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬹ (Balinese script)
- সূ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰳 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀽 (Brahmi script)
- သူ (Burmese script)
- સૂ (Gujarati script)
- ਸੂ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍂 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦹ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂴 (Kaithi script)
- ಸೂ (Kannada script)
- សូ (Khmer script)
- ສູ (Lao script)
- സൂ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡠᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘴 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠤᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧕 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐹 (Newa script)
- ସୂ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢹ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆷 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖳 (Siddham script)
- සූ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩒𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚱 (Takri script)
- ஸூ (Tamil script)
- సూ (Telugu script)
- สู (Thai script)
- སཱུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒴 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨃𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *suH-, from Proto-Indo-European *súHs, from *sewH- (“to give birth, to bear a child”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /súː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪uː/
Root
सू • (sū)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
- सू॒यते॑ (sūyáte, passive)
- असा॑वि (ásāvi, passive aorist)
- सा॒वय॑ति (sāváyati, causative)
Non-finite forms
- सू॒न (sūná, past participle)
- सोतु॑म् (sótum, infinitive)
- सवि॑तुम् (sávitum, infinitive)
- सूत॑वे (sū́tave, infinitive)
- सूत॒वै (sū́tavaí, infinitive)
- सवि॑तवे (sávitave, infinitive)
- सू॒त्वा (sūtvā́, gerund)
- सूय॑ (sū́ya, gerund)
- सुत्य॑ (sútya, gerund)
Derived nominal forms
- सूतक (sūtaka, “birth, calving, impurity caused by childbirth, quicksilver, mercury”)
- सूति (sūti, “birth, production, parturition”)
- सूतिका (sūtikā, “a woman who has recently given birth, a cow that has recently calved”)
- सूतिकागार (sūtikāgāra, “a lying-in chamber”)
- सूतिकागृह (sūtikāgṛha, “a lying-in chamber”)
- सून (sūna, “born, produced”)
- सूनु (sūnu, “son, child, offspring”)
Prefixed root forms
- प्रसू (prasū)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root सू (2 c, 1 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root सू (2 c, 0 e)
Adjective
सू • (sū́) stem
- (mostly at end of compounds) begetting, procreating, bringing forth, producing
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| accusative | सुव॑म् (súvam) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| instrumental | सु॒वा (suvā́) | सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भिः (sūbhíḥ) |
| dative | सु॒वे (suvé) सु॒वै¹ (suvái¹) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सु॒वाम् (suvā́m) सू॒नाम्¹ (sūnā́m¹) |
| locative | सु॒वि (suví) सु॒वाम्¹ (suvā́m¹) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सू॒षु (sūṣú) |
| vocative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| accusative | सुव॑म् (súvam) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| instrumental | सु॒वा (suvā́) | सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भिः (sūbhíḥ) |
| dative | सु॒वे (suvé) सु॒वै¹ (suvái¹) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सु॒वाम् (suvā́m) सू॒नाम्¹ (sūnā́m¹) |
| locative | सु॒वि (suví) सु॒वाम्¹ (suvā́m¹) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सू॒षु (sūṣú) |
| vocative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| accusative | सुव॑म् (súvam) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| instrumental | सु॒वा (suvā́) | सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भिः (sūbhíḥ) |
| dative | सु॒वे (suvé) सु॒वै¹ (suvái¹) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सु॒वाम् (suvā́m) सू॒नाम्¹ (sūnā́m¹) |
| locative | सु॒वि (suví) सु॒वाम्¹ (suvā́m¹) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सू॒षु (sūṣú) |
| vocative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Noun
सू • (sū́) stem, m or f
- one who begets
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.32.9:
- नी॒चाव॑या अभवद्वृ॒त्रपु॒त्रेन्द्रो॑ अस्या॒ अव॒ वध॑र्जभार।
उत्त॑रा॒ सूर्अध॑रः पु॒त्र आ॑सी॒द्दानुः॑ शये स॒हव॑त्सा॒ न धे॒नुः॥- nīcā́vayā abhavadvṛtráputréndro asyā áva vádharjabhāra.
úttarā sū́rádharaḥ putrá āsīddā́nuḥ śaye sahávatsā ná dhenúḥ. - Then humbled was the strength of Vṛtra’s mother. Indra hath cast his deadly bolt against her.
The mother was above, the son was under, and like a cow beside her calf lay Dānu.
- nīcā́vayā abhavadvṛtráputréndro asyā áva vádharjabhāra.
- नी॒चाव॑या अभवद्वृ॒त्रपु॒त्रेन्द्रो॑ अस्या॒ अव॒ वध॑र्जभार।
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.146.5:
- दि॒दृ॒क्षेण्यः॒ परि॒ काष्ठा॑सु॒ जेन्य॑ ई॒ळेन्यो॑ म॒हो अर्भा॑य जी॒वसे॑।
पु॒रु॒त्रा यदभ॑व॒त्सूर्अहै॑भ्यो॒ गर्भे॑भ्यो म॒घवा॑ वि॒श्वद॑र्शतः॥- didṛkṣéṇyaḥ pári kā́ṣṭhāsu jénya īḷényo mahó árbhāya jīváse.
purutrā́ yádábhavatsū́ráhaibhyo gárbhebhyo maghávā viśvádarśataḥ. - Born noble in the regions, aim of all men’s eyes, to be implored for life by great and small alike,
far as the wealthy one hath spread himself abroad, he is the sire all-visible of this progeny.
- didṛkṣéṇyaḥ pári kā́ṣṭhāsu jénya īḷényo mahó árbhāya jīváse.
- दि॒दृ॒क्षेण्यः॒ परि॒ काष्ठा॑सु॒ जेन्य॑ ई॒ळेन्यो॑ म॒हो अर्भा॑य जी॒वसे॑।
- childbearing, parturition
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| accusative | सुव॑म् (súvam) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| instrumental | सु॒वा (suvā́) | सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भिः (sūbhíḥ) |
| dative | सु॒वे (suvé) सु॒वै¹ (suvái¹) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सु॒वाम् (suvā́m) सू॒नाम्¹ (sūnā́m¹) |
| locative | सु॒वि (suví) सु॒वाम्¹ (suvā́m¹) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सू॒षु (sūṣú) |
| vocative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| accusative | सुव॑म् (súvam) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
| instrumental | सु॒वा (suvā́) | सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भिः (sūbhíḥ) |
| dative | सु॒वे (suvé) सु॒वै¹ (suvái¹) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सू॒भ्याम् (sūbhyā́m) | सू॒भ्यः (sūbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | सु॒वः (suváḥ) सु॒वाः¹ (suvā́ḥ¹) सु॒वै² (suvái²) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सु॒वाम् (suvā́m) सू॒नाम्¹ (sūnā́m¹) |
| locative | सु॒वि (suví) सु॒वाम्¹ (suvā́m¹) |
सु॒वोः (suvóḥ) | सू॒षु (sūṣú) |
| vocative | सूः (sū́ḥ) | सुवौ॑ (súvau) | सुवः॑ (súvaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sawH-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to push (forth)”). Cognate with Hittite 𒋗𒌑𒄑𒍣 (šu-ú-iz-zi /šuwezi/, “to push (away), shove, cast off”), Old Irish soïd (“to turn”).[3][4]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /suː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪uː/
Root
सू • (sū)
- to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce
- to hurl upon
- to grant, bestow
- to appoint or consecrate to
- to allow, authorise
- to urge or impel violently
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- सु॒वति॑ (suváti, present)
- सु॒वते॑ (suváte, present)
- असा॑वीत् (ásāvīt, aorist)
- सु॒षु॒वे (suṣuvé, perfect)
Secondary forms
- सू॒यते॑ (sūyáte, passive)
- सोषवीति (soṣavīti, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- सू॒त (sūtá, past participle)
Derived nominal forms
- सवितृ (savitṛ, “stimulator, rouser, vivifier, Savitṛi (solar deity)”)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root सू (2 c, 1 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root सू (2 c, 0 e)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “सू”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1239/3, 1240/1-2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 188
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 714-5
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 452-3
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 715-6
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 453