सद्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সদ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
- সদ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- သဒ် (Burmese script)
- સદ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಸದ್ (Kannada script)
- សទ៑ (Khmer script)
- ສທ຺ (Lao script)
- സദ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
- ସଦ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
- සද් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஸத்³ (Tamil script)
- సద్ (Telugu script)
- สทฺ (Thai script)
- ས་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Cognates include Latin sedeō, Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (whence English sit).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐd/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɐd̪/
Root
सद् • (sad)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- सीद॑ति (sī́dati, present)
- स॒त्स्यति॑ (satsyáti, future)
- सीदिष्यति (sīdiṣyati, future)
- सत्ता (sattā, periphrastic future)
- अस॑दत् (ásadat, aorist)
- स॒साद॑ (sasā́da, perfect)
Secondary forms
- सद्यते (sadyate, passive)
- असा॑दि (ásādi, passive aorist)
- सा॒दय॑ति (sādáyati, causative)
- असी॑षदत् (ásīṣadat, causative aorist)
- साद्यते (sādyate, passive of causative)
- सिषत्सति (siṣatsati, desiderative)
- सासद्यते (sāsadyate, intensive)
Non-finite forms
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root सद् (0 c, 10 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root सद् (5 c, 0 e)
The aorist असादीत् (asādīt) given by Whitney only occurs once as a misquotation of असादि (asādi) from the Rigveda.[1]
Adjective
सद् • (sád) stem
- sitting or dwelling in
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सत् (sát) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
| accusative | सद॑म् (sádam) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
| instrumental | स॒दा (sadā́) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ) |
| dative | स॒दे (sadé) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒दाम् (sadā́m) |
| locative | स॒दि (sadí) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒त्सु (satsú) |
| vocative | सत् (sát) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सत् (sát) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
| accusative | सद॑म् (sádam) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
| instrumental | स॒दा (sadā́) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ) |
| dative | स॒दे (sadé) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒दाम् (sadā́m) |
| locative | स॒दि (sadí) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒त्सु (satsú) |
| vocative | सत् (sát) | सदौ॑ (sádau) सदा॑¹ (sádā¹) |
सदः॑ (sádaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सत् (sát) | स॒दी (sadī́) | सन्दि॑ (sándi) |
| accusative | सत् (sát) | स॒दी (sadī́) | सन्दि॑ (sándi) |
| instrumental | स॒दा (sadā́) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ) |
| dative | स॒दे (sadé) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) | स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | स॒दः (sadáḥ) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒दाम् (sadā́m) |
| locative | स॒दि (sadí) | स॒दोः (sadóḥ) | स॒त्सु (satsú) |
| vocative | सत् (sát) | सदी॑ (sádī) | सन्दि॑ (sándi) |
Derived terms
- उपनिषद् (upaniṣád)
References
- ^ Narten, Johanna (1964), Die sigmatischen Aoriste im Veda (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 263
- Monier Williams (1899), “सद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1138, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 183
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 692-3
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “sad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.