सखि
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- सख (sakha) — at the end of compounds
Alternative scripts
- সখি (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬔᬶ (Balinese script)
- সখি (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰏𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀔𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- သခိ (Burmese script)
- સખિ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਖਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌖𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦑꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂎𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಖಿ (Kannada script)
- សខិ (Khmer script)
- ສຂິ (Lao script)
- സഖി (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᡘᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘏𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠻᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑦯𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐏𑐶 (Newa script)
- ସଖି (Odia script)
- ꢱꢓꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆒𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖏𑖰 (Siddham script)
- සඛි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩝𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚋𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஸகி² (Tamil script)
- సఖి (Telugu script)
- สขิ (Thai script)
- ས་ཁི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒐𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨌𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy, from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬑𐬌 (haxi, “friend”), Latin socius (“partner, companion”), Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“warrior, retainer”), Old English secg (“man, warrior, hero”).
This noun has for the five strong cases a peculiarly strengthened base (vrddhied), namely sákhāy, which in the nominative singular is reduced to sákhā (without ending), and in the other cases takes the normal endings; this declensional paradigm is considered to most faithfully preserve the original declension of PIE *oi-stems. The instrumental and dative singular have the normal endings simply, without inserted n or guṇa; the ablative-genitive singular adds -us; and the locative singular adds -au: the rest exhibits normal endings of the paradigm.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́.kʰi/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɐ.kʰi/
Noun
सखि॑ • (sákhi) stem, m (feminine सखी)
- a friend, companion
- assistant
- the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सखा॑ (sákhā) | सखा॑यौ (sákhāyau) सखा॑या¹ (sákhāyā¹) |
सखा॑यः (sákhāyaḥ) |
| accusative | सखा॑यम् (sákhāyam) | सखा॑यौ (sákhāyau) सखा॑या¹ (sákhāyā¹) |
सखी॑न् (sákhīn) |
| instrumental | सख्या॑ (sákhyā) | सखि॑भ्याम् (sákhibhyām) | सखि॑भिः (sákhibhiḥ) |
| dative | सख्ये॑ (sákhye) | सखि॑भ्याम् (sákhibhyām) | सखि॑भ्यः (sákhibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सख्युः॑ (sákhyuḥ) | सखि॑भ्याम् (sákhibhyām) | सखि॑भ्यः (sákhibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सख्युः॑ (sákhyuḥ) | सख्योः॑ (sákhyoḥ) | सखी॑नाम् (sákhīnām) |
| locative | सख्यौ॑ (sákhyau) | सख्योः॑ (sákhyoḥ) | सखि॑षु (sákhiṣu) |
| vocative | सखे॑ (sákhe) | सखा॑यौ (sákhāyau) सखा॑या¹ (sákhāyā¹) |
सखा॑यः (sákhāyaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- सु॒ष॒खि (suṣakhí, “a good friend”)
- स॒खि॒त्व (sakhitvá)
- स॒खि॒त्व॒न (sakhitvaná)
- स॒ख्य (sakhyá, “friendship”)
Descendants
- Pali: sakhi
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀳𑀺 (sahi)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “सखि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1130, column 2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “sákhāy-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 684-685
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sákhi”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 756
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “sakhi”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.