श्वास

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsá). Doublet of सांस (sāns).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃʋɑːs/, [ʃʋäːs]

Noun

श्वास • (śvās) m (formal, literary)

breath, breathing
Synonym: सांस (sāns)

Declension

Declension of *श्वास* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	श्वास śvās	श्वास śvās
oblique	श्वास śvās	श्वासों śvāsõ
vocative	श्वास śvās	श्वासो śvāso

Konkani

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsa).

Noun

श्वास • (śvās) (Latin script xvas, Kannada script ಶ್ವಾಸ)

breath, breathing

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वास (śvāsá). Displaced the Old Marathi 𑘭𑘻𑘭 (sosa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɕʋas/
Rhymes: -as
Audio: (file)

Noun

श्वास • (śvās) m

breath
दीर्घ श्वास घ्या! ― dīrgha śvās ghyā! ― Take a deep breath!

Declension

Declension of श्वास (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	श्वास śvās
direct plural	श्वास śvās
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	श्वास śvās	श्वास śvās
oblique सामान्यरूप	श्वासा śvāsā	श्वासां- śvāsān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	श्वासाला śvāsālā	श्वासांना śvāsānnā
ergative	श्वासाने, श्वासानं śvāsāne, śvāsāna	श्वासांनी śvāsānnī
instrumental	श्वासाशी śvāsāśī	श्वासांशी śvāsānśī
locative सप्तमी	श्वासात śvāsāt	श्वासांत śvāsāt
vocative संबोधन	श्वासा śvāsā	श्वासांनो śvāsānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of श्वास (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	श्वासाचा śvāsāċā	श्वासाचे śvāsāċe	श्वासाची śvāsācī	श्वासाच्या śvāsācā	श्वासाचे, श्वासाचं śvāsāċe, śvāsāċa	श्वासाची śvāsācī	श्वासाच्या śvāsācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	श्वासांचा śvāsānċā	श्वासांचे śvāsānċe	श्वासांची śvāsāñcī	श्वासांच्या śvāsāncā	श्वासांचे, श्वासांचं śvāsānċe, śvāsānċa	श्वासांची śvāsāñcī	श्वासांच्या śvāsāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

श्वास घेणे (śvās gheṇe)
श्वास टाकणे (śvās ṭākṇe)
श्वास लागणे (śvās lāgṇe)
श्वासनलिका (śvāsanlikā)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “श्वास”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শ্বাস (Assamese script)
ᬰ᭄ᬯᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
শ্বাস (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
ၐွာသ (Burmese script)
શ્વાસ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼੍ਵਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
ꦯ꧀ꦮꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
ಶ್ವಾಸ (Kannada script)
ឝ្វាស (Khmer script)
ຨ຺ວາສ (Lao script)
ശ്വാസ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
ᠱᢦ᠎ᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
ଶ୍ଵାସ (Odia script)
ꢯ꣄ꢮꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
ශ‍්වාස (Sinhalese script)
𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
ஶ்வாஸ (Tamil script)
శ్వాస (Telugu script)
ศฺวาส (Thai script)
ཤྭཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwos-ó-s, from *ḱwes- (“to pant, puff, sigh”). Cognate with Pashto ساه (sāh, “breath, blow, puff, soul, spirit, essence”), Baluchi (sáh, “breath, blow, essence”), Latin queror. Compare also English quarrel, wheeze, from Latin and Old Norse, respectively.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɑː.sɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɑː.s̪ɐ/

Noun

श्वास • (śvāsa) stem, m

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्वास
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	श्वासः (śvāsaḥ)	श्वासौ (śvāsau) श्वासा¹ (śvāsā¹)	श्वासाः (śvāsāḥ) श्वासासः¹ (śvāsāsaḥ¹)
accusative	श्वासम् (śvāsam)	श्वासौ (śvāsau) श्वासा¹ (śvāsā¹)	श्वासान् (śvāsān)
instrumental	श्वासेन (śvāsena)	श्वासाभ्याम् (śvāsābhyām)	श्वासैः (śvāsaiḥ) श्वासेभिः¹ (śvāsebhiḥ¹)
dative	श्वासाय (śvāsāya)	श्वासाभ्याम् (śvāsābhyām)	श्वासेभ्यः (śvāsebhyaḥ)
ablative	श्वासात् (śvāsāt)	श्वासाभ्याम् (śvāsābhyām)	श्वासेभ्यः (śvāsebhyaḥ)
genitive	श्वासस्य (śvāsasya)	श्वासयोः (śvāsayoḥ)	श्वासानाम् (śvāsānām)
locative	श्वासे (śvāse)	श्वासयोः (śvāsayoḥ)	श्वासेषु (śvāseṣu)
vocative	श्वास (śvāsa)	श्वासौ (śvāsau) श्वासा¹ (śvāsā¹)	श्वासाः (śvāsāḥ) श्वासासः¹ (śvāsāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsa)
निःश्वास (niḥśvāsa)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Middle Bengali: নিশাস (niśās)
    - Bengali: নিশাস (niśaś)
  - Early Assamese: নিশাস (niśaso)
    - Assamese: নিশাহ (nixah)
  - Rohingya: niác

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kamkata-viri: sāh
- Kashmiri: شَاہ, ہَاہ
- Shina: سا (sā)
- Torwali: [script needed] (sā)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: sā
Pali: sāsa
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
    - Awadhi: साँस (sā̃s)
    - Old Gujarati:
      - Gujarati: સાસ (sās), હાંસ (hā̃s)
      - Marwari: सा (sā), सास (sās), सासा (sāsā)
    - Hindustani: sāns
      Hindi: सांस, साँस
      Urdu: سانس
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Odia: ସାସ (sāsa)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: साँस (sā̃s)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: सास (sās)
      - Kumaoni: सास (sās)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: सास (sās)
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
    - Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘻𑘭 / सोस (sosa)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: sāh
        Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਹ
        Shahmukhi script: سَاہ
        Lahnda:
        Southern Hindko: ساہ (sāh)
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: sāhu
        Arabic script: سَاهُ (sāhu)
        Devanagari script: साहु
        Jadgali: [script needed] (śāh)
  - → Baluchi: ساہ (sáh)
  - → Pashto: ساه (sāh)
→ Assamese: শ্বাস (sax) (learned)
→ Bengali: শ্বাস (śaś) (learned)
→ Dhivehi: ހުވާސް (huvās) (learned)
→ Hindi: श्वास (śvās) (learned)
→ Kannada: ಶ್ವಾಸ (śvāsa)
→ Konkani: श्वास (śvās) (learned)
→ Marathi: श्वास (śvās) (learned)
→ Punjabi: ਸ੍ਵਾਸ (svās) (learned)
→ Sinhalese: ශ්වාස (śwāsa) (learned)
→ Tamil: சுவாசம் (cuvācam) (learned)
→ Telugu: శ్వాస (śvāsa)