शम्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • শম্ (Assamese script)
  • ᬰᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • শম্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰫𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀰𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • ၐမ် (Burmese script)
  • શમ્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਸ਼ਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌶𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ꦯꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂬𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
  • ಶಮ್ (Kannada script)
  • ឝម៑ (Khmer script)
  • ຨມ຺ (Lao script)
  • ശമ് (Malayalam script)
  • ᡧᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘫𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᠱᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧋𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐱𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
  • ଶମ୍ (Odia script)
  • ꢯꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆯𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖫𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • ශම් (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩿𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚧𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
  • ஶம் (Tamil script)
  • శమ్ (Telugu script)
  • ศมฺ (Thai script)
  • ཤ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒬𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨮𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to toil, to exert oneself”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to labour, to work hard”).[1][2]

    Alternative forms

    • शिम् (śim)

    Root

    शम् • (śam)

    1. to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet, calm, satisfied or contented
    2. (middle voice) to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts)
    3. to prepare, arrange
    4. to cease, be allayed or extinguished
    5. to put an end to, hurt, injure, destroy
    6. (causative) to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle
    7. (causative) to kill, slay, destroy, remove, extinguish
    8. (causative) to leave off, desist
    9. (causative) to conquer, subdue
    10. (intensive) to be entirely appeased or extinguished
    Derived terms
    Primary verbal forms
    • शाम्य॑ति (śā́myati, present)
    • शम्यति (śamyati, present)
    • शिम्य॑ति (śímyati, present)
    • शम्नीते (śamnīte, present)
    • श॒मि॒ष्यति॑ (śamiṣyáti, future)
    • श॒मि॒ता (śamitā́, periphrastic future)
    • अश॑मीत् (áśamīt, aorist)
    • अश॑मत् (áśamat, aorist)
    • श॒म्यात् (śamyā́t, benedictive)
    • श॒शाम॑ (śaśā́ma, perfect)
    Secondary forms
    • शम्यते (śamyate, passive)
    • अशमि (aśami, passive aorist)
    • श॒मय॑ति (śamáyati, causative)
    • शामयति (śāmayati, causative)
    • अशी॑शमत् (áśīśamat, causative aorist)
    • शाम्यते (śāmyate, passive of causative)
    • शिशमिषति (śiśamiṣati, desiderative)
    • शंशमीति (śaṃśamīti, intensive)
    • शंशम्यते (śaṃśamyate, intensive)
    Non-finite forms
    • शा॒न्त (śāntá, past participle)
    • श॒मि॒त (śamitá, past participle)
    • शमितुम् (śamitum, infinitive)
    • शमित्वा (śamitvā, gerund)
    • शान्त्वा (śāntvā, gerund)
    • शामम् (śāmam, gerund)
    • शम्य (śamya, gerundive)
    • शमनीय (śamanīya, gerundive)
    Derived nominal forms
    Prefixed root forms
    • उपशम् (upaśam)
    • निशम् (niśam)
    • प्रशम् (praśam)
    • संशम् (saṃśam)


    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “ŚAMI”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 610
    2. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śami”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 438

    Further reading

    Etymology 2

    Uncertain, possibly dissimilated from an earlier *श्वम् (*śvám), from the root शू (śū, “to swell”).[1] Compare श्वयति (śváyati), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”).

    Pronunciation

    Adverb

    शम् • (śám)

    1. auspiciously, fortunately, happily, well
    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “śám”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 609

    Further reading

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