व्यथ्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱ্যথ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯ᭄ᬬᬣ᭄ (Balinese script)
- ব্যথ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰞𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀣𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝျထ် (Burmese script)
- વ્યથ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਯਥ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌥𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦾꦡ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂟𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವ್ಯಥ್ (Kannada script)
- វ្យថ៑ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຍຖ຺ (Lao script)
- വ്യഥ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠶᠠᡨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘞𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠲ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑦾𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐠𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵ୍ଯଥ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮ꣄ꢫꢢ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆡𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖞𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ව්යථ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩬 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚚𑚶 (Takri script)
- வ்யத்² (Tamil script)
- వ్యథ్ (Telugu script)
- วฺยถฺ (Thai script)
- ཝྱ་ཐ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒟𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨚𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Related to विथुर (vithura, “staggering”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬭𐬀 (viθura, “shakeable”), with further origin unclear. The root is generally thought to be of Indo-European origin, and is traditionally compared with Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wiþōndans, “shaking”); however, the hapax status of the Gothic term makes this comparison difficult to analyze. Schwartz and Malkiel analyze the root as a combination of वि- (vi-) + *अथ् (*ath, “to vacillate”) and connect the root to अतिथि (atithi, “guest”), but make no claims as to the supposed origin of *अथ्.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋjɐtʰ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋjɐt̪ʰ/
Root
व्यथ् • (vyath)
- to tremble, waver, go astray, come to naught, fail
- to fall (on the ground)
- to cease, become ineffective (as poison)
- to be agitated or disturbed in mind, be restless or sorrowful or unhappy
- to be afraid of
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- व्यथ॑ते (vyáthate, present)
- व्य॒थि॒ष्यते॑ (vyathiṣyáte, future)
- व्य॒थि॒ता (vyathitā́, periphrastic future)
- अव्य॑थिष्ट (ávyathiṣṭa, aorist)
- वि॒व्यथे॑ (vivyáthe, perfect)
Secondary forms
- व्य॒थ्यते॑ (vyathyáte, passive)
- अव्या॑थि (ávyāthi, passive aorist)
- व्य॒थय॑ति (vyatháyati, causative)
- अवि॑व्यथत् (ávivyathat, causative aorist)
- विव्यथिषति (vivyathiṣati, desiderative)
- वाव्यथ्यते (vāvyathyate, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- व्य॒थि॒त (vyathitá, past participle)
- व्यथितुम् (vyathitum, infinitive)
- व्य॒थि॒त्वा (vyathitvā́, gerund)
Derived nominal forms
- व्यथा (vyathā)
- व्यथक (vyathaka)
- व्यथ्य (vyathya)
- व्यथन (vyathana)
- व्यथि॑ (vyáthi)
- व्यथि॑स् (vyáthis)
- व्याथ (vyātha)
- वि॒थु॒र (vithurá)
- व्यथयितृ (vyathayitṛ)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root व्यथ् (0 c, 2 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root व्यथ् (2 c, 0 e)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “व्यथ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031/1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 166
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 591