व्यथते

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.tʰɐ.tɐj/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.t̪ʰɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

व्यथते • (vyathate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, present, root व्यथ्)

trembles, wavers, goes astray, comes to naught, fails
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
is deprived of [with ablative]
falls (on the ground)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
ceases, becomes ineffective (as poison)
- Kām
is agitated or disturbed in mind, is restless or sorrowful or unhappy
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
is afraid of [with genitive]

Conjugation

Present: व्यथ॑ते (vyáthate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथ॑ते vyáthate	व्यथे॑ते vyáthete	व्यथ॑न्ते vyáthante
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथ॑से vyáthase	व्यथे॑थे vyáthethe	व्यथ॑ध्वे vyáthadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे॑ vyáthe	व्यथा॑वहे vyáthāvahe	व्यथा॑महे vyáthāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथ॑ताम् vyáthatām	व्यथे॑ताम् vyáthetām	व्यथ॑न्ताम् vyáthantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथ॑स्व vyáthasva	व्यथे॑थाम् vyáthethām	व्यथ॑ध्वम् vyáthadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथै॑ vyáthai	व्यथा॑वहै vyáthāvahai	व्यथा॑महै vyáthāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे॑त vyátheta	व्यथे॑याताम् vyátheyātām	व्यथे॑रन् vyátheran
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे॑थाः vyáthethāḥ	व्यथे॑याथाम् vyátheyāthām	व्यथे॑ध्वम् vyáthedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे॑य vyátheya	व्यथे॑वहि vyáthevahi	व्यथे॑महि vyáthemahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथा॑ते / व्यथा॑तै vyáthāte / vyáthātai	व्यथै॑ते vyáthaite	व्यथ॑न्त / व्यथा॑न्तै vyáthanta / vyáthāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथा॑से / व्यथा॑सै vyáthāse / vyáthāsai	व्यथै॑थे vyáthaithe	व्यथा॑ध्वै vyáthādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथै॑ vyáthai	व्यथा॑वहै vyáthāvahai	व्यथा॑महै vyáthāmahai
Participles
	- -			व्यथ॑मान vyáthamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अव्य॑थत (ávyathata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अव्य॑थत ávyathata	अव्य॑थेताम् ávyathetām	अव्य॑थन्त ávyathanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अव्य॑थथाः ávyathathāḥ	अव्य॑थेथाम् ávyathethām	अव्य॑थध्वम् ávyathadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अव्य॑थे ávyathe	अव्य॑थावहि ávyathāvahi	अव्य॑थामहि ávyathāmahi

Descendants

Pali: vyadhati (“trembles”)
Prakrit: *𑀯𑀥𑀤𑀺 (*vadhadi), *𑀯𑀳𑀇 (*vahaï) (whence 𑀯𑀳𑀺𑀅 (vahia, “distressed”)) (descendants have Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-))
- Punjabi: ਬਹਿਕਣਾ (bahikṇā)
- Nepali: बहकिनु (bahakinu)
- Hindustani: bahaknā
  Hindi: बहकना
  
  Urdu: بہکنا

References

Monier Williams (1899), “व्यथते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vyáthatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press