वृषल
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃষল (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬱᬮ (Balinese script)
- বৃষল (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰬𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀱𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖၑလ (Burmese script)
- વૃષલ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਸ਼ਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌷𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦰꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂭𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಷಲ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫឞល (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຩລ (Lao script)
- വൃഷല (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᢢᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘬𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢔᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑧌𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐲𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଷଲ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢰꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆰𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖬𑖩 (Siddham script)
- වෘෂල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑪀𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚥 (Takri script)
- வ்ரிஷல (Tamil script)
- వృషల (Telugu script)
- วฺฤษล (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཥ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒭𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From वृषन् (vṛṣan, “man, male”) + -ल (-la, diminutive).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.lɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.l̪ɐ/
Noun
वृ॒ष॒ल • (vṛṣalá) stem, m (feminine वृषली)
- a low or contemptible man; a mean or wicked fellow
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.34.11:
- स्त्रियं दृष्ट्वाय कितवं ततापान्येषां जायां सुकृतं च योनिम् ।
पूर्वाह्णे अश्वान् युयुजे हि बभ्रून् सो अग्नेर् अन्ते वृषलः पपाद ॥- striyaṃ dṛṣṭvāya kitavaṃ tatāpānyeṣāṃ jāyāṃ sukṛtaṃ ca yonim.
pūrvāhṇe aśvān yuyuje hi babhrūn so agner ante vṛṣalaḥ papāda. - The gambler suffers regret on seeing the happy wife and well-ordered home of others;
in the forenoon he puts to the tawny steeds, and at night, he, the sinner, lies down by the fire.
- striyaṃ dṛṣṭvāya kitavaṃ tatāpānyeṣāṃ jāyāṃ sukṛtaṃ ca yonim.
- स्त्रियं दृष्ट्वाय कितवं ततापान्येषां जायां सुकृतं च योनिम् ।
- an outcast, a Shudra, a low-caste man
- c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 6.4.13:
- अथ यस्य जायाम् आर्तवं विन्देत् त्र्यहं कंसे न पिबेत् ।
अहतवासाः ।
नैनां वृषलो न वृषल्य् उपहन्यात् ।
त्रिरात्रान्त आप्लुत्य व्रीहीन् अवघातयेत् ॥- atha yasya jāyām ārtavaṃ vindet tryahaṃ kaṃse na pibet.
ahatavāsāḥ.
naināṃ vṛṣalo na vṛṣaly upahanyāt.
trirātrānta āplutya vrīhīn avaghātayet. - If anybody’s wife is menstruating, she should not drink for three days in a metal cup
And wear a new dress
No Śūdra man or woman should touch her
After three nights she should be put to thresh rice
- atha yasya jāyām ārtavaṃ vindet tryahaṃ kaṃse na pibet.
- अथ यस्य जायाम् आर्तवं विन्देत् त्र्यहं कंसे न पिबेत् ।
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 3.82.32:
- ततः समुत्थाय कुले कुले ते राजन्यवैश्या वृषलाश् च विप्राः ।
अयूयुजन्न् उष्ट्रखरान् रथांश् च नागान् हयांश् चैव कुलप्रसूतान् ॥- tataḥ samutthāya kule kule te rājanyavaiśyā vṛṣalāś ca viprāḥ.
ayūyujann uṣṭrakharān rathāṃś ca nāgān hayāṃś caiva kulaprasūtān. - Then, men from various households, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras and Brahmins came out and tied their chariots to the camels, donkeys, elephants and horses of good stock.
- tataḥ samutthāya kule kule te rājanyavaiśyā vṛṣalāś ca viprāḥ.
- ततः समुत्थाय कुले कुले ते राजन्यवैश्या वृषलाश् च विप्राः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृ॒ष॒लः (vṛṣaláḥ) | वृ॒ष॒लौ (vṛṣaláu) वृ॒ष॒ला¹ (vṛṣalā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒लाः (vṛṣalā́ḥ) वृ॒ष॒लासः॑¹ (vṛṣalā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | वृ॒ष॒लम् (vṛṣalám) | वृ॒ष॒लौ (vṛṣaláu) वृ॒ष॒ला¹ (vṛṣalā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒लान् (vṛṣalā́n) |
| instrumental | वृ॒ष॒लेन॑ (vṛṣaléna) | वृ॒ष॒लाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣalā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒लैः (vṛṣaláiḥ) वृ॒ष॒लेभिः॑¹ (vṛṣalébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृ॒ष॒लाय॑ (vṛṣalā́ya) | वृ॒ष॒लाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣalā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒लेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣalébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृ॒ष॒लात् (vṛṣalā́t) | वृ॒ष॒लाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣalā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒लेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣalébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृ॒ष॒लस्य॑ (vṛṣalásya) | वृ॒ष॒लयोः॑ (vṛṣaláyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒लाना॑म् (vṛṣalā́nām) |
| locative | वृ॒ष॒ले (vṛṣalé) | वृ॒ष॒लयोः॑ (vṛṣaláyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒लेषु॑ (vṛṣaléṣu) |
| vocative | वृष॑ल (vṛ́ṣala) | वृष॑लौ (vṛ́ṣalau) वृष॑ला¹ (vṛ́ṣalā¹) |
वृष॑लाः (vṛ́ṣalāḥ) वृष॑लासः¹ (vṛ́ṣalāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: vasala
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “वृषल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1013.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “vṛṣala”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “वृषल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1494
- Arthur Berriedale Keith, Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912), “vṛṣala”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 2, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], →OCLC, page 323
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vr̥ṣalá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 700