वृषभ
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृषभ (vṛṣabha).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ʋɾɪ.ʂəbʱ/, [ʋɾɪ.ʃɐbʱ]
Noun
वृषभ • (vŕṣabh) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
वृषभ vŕṣabh |
| oblique | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
वृषभों vŕṣabhõ |
| vocative | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
वृषभो vŕṣabho |
Proper noun
वृषभ • (vŕṣabh) m
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
| oblique | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
| vocative | वृषभ vŕṣabh |
See also
| Zodiac signs in Hindi · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣ) ("ram"; Aries) |
वृषभ (vŕṣabh) ("bull"; Taurus) |
मिथुन (mithun) ("twins"; Gemini) |
कर्क (kark) ("crab"; Cancer) | ||||||||
सिंह (sĩh) ("lion"; Leo) |
कन्या (kanyā) ("virgin"; Virgo) |
तुला (tulā) ("balance"; Libra) |
वृश्चिक (vŕścik) ("scorpion"; Scorpio) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) ("bow"; Sagittarius) |
मकर (makar) ("sea-goat"; Capricorn) |
कुंभ (kumbh) ("water-pot"; Aquarius) |
मीन (mīn) ("fish"; Pisces) | ||||||||
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “वृषभ”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4593
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “वृषभ”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 723
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “वृषभ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 934
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृषभ (vṛṣabha)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋɾu.ʂəbʱ/
Noun
वृषभ • (vruṣabh) m
See also
| Zodiac signs in Marathi · रास (rās) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣ) |
वृषभ (vruṣabh) |
मिथुन (mithun) |
कर्क (karka) | ||||||||
सिंह (siuha) |
कन्या (kanyā) |
तूळ (tūḷ) |
वृश्चिक (vruścik) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) |
मकर (makar) |
कुंभ (kumbha) |
मीन (mīn) | ||||||||
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃষভ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
- বৃষভ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖၑဘ (Burmese script)
- વૃષભ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಷಭ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
- വൃഷഭ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଷଭ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
- වෘෂභ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚡 (Takri script)
- வ்ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
- వృషభ (Telugu script)
- วฺฤษภ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).[1]
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (arəšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Latin verrēs. Also related to ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ/
Noun
वृ॒ष॒भ • (vṛṣabhá) stem, m
- a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.31.5:
- त्वम॑ग्ने वृष॒भः पु॑ष्टि॒वर्ध॑न॒ उद्य॑तस्रुचे भवसि श्र॒वाय्यः॑।
य आहु॑तिं॒ परि॒ वेदा॒ वष॑ट्कृति॒मेका॑यु॒रग्रे॒ विश॑ आ॒विवा॑ससि॥- tvámagne vṛṣabháḥ puṣṭivárdhana údyatasruce bhavasi śravā́yyaḥ.
yá ā́hutiṃ pári védā váṣaṭkṛtimékāyurágre víśa āvívāsasi. - Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to be invoked by him who lifts the ladle up.
Well knowing the oblation with the hallowing word, uniting all who live, thou lightenest first our folk.
- tvámagne vṛṣabháḥ puṣṭivárdhana údyatasruce bhavasi śravā́yyaḥ.
- त्वम॑ग्ने वृष॒भः पु॑ष्टि॒वर्ध॑न॒ उद्य॑तस्रुचे भवसि श्र॒वाय्यः॑।
- the chief, most excellent or eminent, lord or best among (in later language mostly at the end of a compound, or with genitive)
- (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus
- a particular drug (described as a root brought from the Himalaya mountains, resembling the horn of a bull, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृ॒ष॒भः (vṛṣabháḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भौ (vṛṣabháu) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒भाः (vṛṣabhā́ḥ) वृ॒ष॒भासः॑¹ (vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | वृ॒ष॒भम् (vṛṣabhám) | वृ॒ष॒भौ (vṛṣabháu) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒भान् (vṛṣabhā́n) |
| instrumental | वृ॒ष॒भेण॑ (vṛṣabhéṇa) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भैः (vṛṣabháiḥ) वृ॒ष॒भेभिः॑¹ (vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृ॒ष॒भाय॑ (vṛṣabhā́ya) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृ॒ष॒भात् (vṛṣabhā́t) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृ॒ष॒भस्य॑ (vṛṣabhásya) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् (vṛṣabhā́ṇām) |
| locative | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भेषु॑ (vṛṣabhéṣu) |
| vocative | वृष॑भ (vṛ́ṣabha) | वृष॑भौ (vṛ́ṣabhau) वृष॑भा¹ (vṛ́ṣabhā¹) |
वृष॑भाः (vṛ́ṣabhāḥ) वृष॑भासः¹ (vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adjective
वृ॒ष॒भ • (vṛṣabhá) stem
- manly, mighty, vigorous, strong
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.8:
- प्र ब॒भ्रवे॑ वृष॒भाय॑ श्विती॒चे म॒हो म॒हीं सु॑ष्टु॒तिमी॑रयामि। न॒म॒स्या क॑ल्मली॒किनं॒ नमो॑भिर्गृणी॒मसि॑ त्वे॒षं रु॒द्रस्य॒ नाम॑॥
- prá babhráve vṛṣabhā́ya śvitīcé mahó mahī́ṃ suṣṭutímīrayāmi. namasyā́ kalmalīkínaṃ námobhirgṛṇīmási tveṣáṃ rudrásya nā́ma.
- To him the strong, great, tawny, fair-complexioned, I utter forth a mighty hymn of praises.
We serve the brilliant God with adorations, we glorify, the splendid name of Rudra.
- प्र ब॒भ्रवे॑ वृष॒भाय॑ श्विती॒चे म॒हो म॒हीं सु॑ष्टु॒तिमी॑रयामि। न॒म॒स्या क॑ल्मली॒किनं॒ नमो॑भिर्गृणी॒मसि॑ त्वे॒षं रु॒द्रस्य॒ नाम॑॥
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृ॒ष॒भः (vṛṣabháḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भौ (vṛṣabháu) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒भाः (vṛṣabhā́ḥ) वृ॒ष॒भासः॑¹ (vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | वृ॒ष॒भम् (vṛṣabhám) | वृ॒ष॒भौ (vṛṣabháu) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒भान् (vṛṣabhā́n) |
| instrumental | वृ॒ष॒भेण॑ (vṛṣabhéṇa) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भैः (vṛṣabháiḥ) वृ॒ष॒भेभिः॑¹ (vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृ॒ष॒भाय॑ (vṛṣabhā́ya) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृ॒ष॒भात् (vṛṣabhā́t) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृ॒ष॒भस्य॑ (vṛṣabhásya) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् (vṛṣabhā́ṇām) |
| locative | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भेषु॑ (vṛṣabhéṣu) |
| vocative | वृष॑भ (vṛ́ṣabha) | वृष॑भौ (vṛ́ṣabhau) वृष॑भा¹ (vṛ́ṣabhā¹) |
वृष॑भाः (vṛ́ṣabhāḥ) वृष॑भासः¹ (vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृ॒ष॒भा (vṛṣabhā́) | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भाः (vṛṣabhā́ḥ) |
| accusative | वृ॒ष॒भाम् (vṛṣabhā́m) | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भाः (vṛṣabhā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | वृ॒ष॒भया॑ (vṛṣabháyā) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भाभिः॑ (vṛṣabhā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | वृ॒ष॒भायै॑ (vṛṣabhā́yai) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृ॒ष॒भायाः॑ (vṛṣabhā́yāḥ) वृ॒ष॒भायै॑² (vṛṣabhā́yai²) |
वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृ॒ष॒भायाः॑ (vṛṣabhā́yāḥ) वृ॒ष॒भायै॑² (vṛṣabhā́yai²) |
वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् (vṛṣabhā́ṇām) |
| locative | वृ॒ष॒भाया॑म् (vṛṣabhā́yām) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भासु॑ (vṛṣabhā́su) |
| vocative | वृष॑भे (vṛ́ṣabhe) | वृष॑भे (vṛ́ṣabhe) | वृष॑भाः (vṛ́ṣabhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृ॒ष॒भम् (vṛṣabhám) | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भाणि॑ (vṛṣabhā́ṇi) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
| accusative | वृ॒ष॒भम् (vṛṣabhám) | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भाणि॑ (vṛṣabhā́ṇi) वृ॒ष॒भा¹ (vṛṣabhā́¹) |
| instrumental | वृ॒ष॒भेण॑ (vṛṣabhéṇa) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भैः (vṛṣabháiḥ) वृ॒ष॒भेभिः॑¹ (vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृ॒ष॒भाय॑ (vṛṣabhā́ya) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृ॒ष॒भात् (vṛṣabhā́t) | वृ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (vṛṣabhā́bhyām) | वृ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (vṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृ॒ष॒भस्य॑ (vṛṣabhásya) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् (vṛṣabhā́ṇām) |
| locative | वृ॒ष॒भे (vṛṣabhé) | वृ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (vṛṣabháyoḥ) | वृ॒ष॒भेषु॑ (vṛṣabhéṣu) |
| vocative | वृष॑भ (vṛ́ṣabha) | वृष॑भे (vṛ́ṣabhe) | वृष॑भाणि (vṛ́ṣabhāṇi) वृष॑भा¹ (vṛ́ṣabhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Descendants
See also
| Zodiac signs in Sanskrit · राशिचक्र (rāśicakra) (layout · text) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
मेष (meṣa) |
वृषभ (vṛṣabha) |
मिथुन (mithuna) |
कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) | ||||||||
सिंह (siṃha) |
कन्या (kanyā) |
तुला (tulā) |
वृश्चिक (vṛścika) | ||||||||
धनु (dhanu) |
मकर (makara) |
कुम्भ (kumbha) |
मीन (mīna) | ||||||||
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “vṛṣan- (> line 25 > vṛṣabhá-)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 575
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “वृषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1012, column 3.
- Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma vṛṣabhá