ऋषभ
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषभ (ṛṣabha).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ɾɪ.ʂəbʱ/, [ɾɪ.ʃɐbʱ]
Noun
ऋषभ • (ŕṣabh) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ऋषभ ŕṣabh |
ऋषभ ŕṣabh |
| oblique | ऋषभ ŕṣabh |
ऋषभों ŕṣabhõ |
| vocative | ऋषभ ŕṣabh |
ऋषभो ŕṣabho |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “ऋषभ”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ऋषभ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “ऋषभ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঋষভ (Assamese script)
- ᬋᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
- ঋষভ (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
- ၒၑဘ (Burmese script)
- ઋષભ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
- ꦉꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
- ಋಷಭ (Kannada script)
- ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
- ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
- ഋഷഭ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
- ଋଷଭ (Odia script)
- ꢈꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
- ඍෂභ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡 (Takri script)
- ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
- ఋషభ (Telugu script)
- ฤษภ (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (arəšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Old Armenian առն (aṙn), Latin verrēs (“boar”). Also related to वृषभ (vṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /r̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /r̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ/
Noun
ऋ॒ष॒भ • (ṛṣabhá) stem, m
- a bull
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.166.1:
- ऋ॒ष॒भं मा॑ समा॒नानां॑ स॒पत्ना॑नां विषास॒हिम्।
ह॒न्तारं॒ शत्रू॑णां कृधि वि॒राजं॒ गोप॑तिं॒ गवा॑म्॥- ṛṣabháṃ mā samānā́nāṃ sapátnānāṃ viṣāsahím.
hantā́raṃ śátrūṇāṃ kṛdhi virā́jaṃ gópatiṃ gávām. - Make me a bull among my peers, make me conquer my rivals, make me the slayer of my foes, a sovereign ruler lord of the cattle.
- ṛṣabháṃ mā samānā́nāṃ sapátnānāṃ viṣāsahím.
- ऋ॒ष॒भं मा॑ समा॒नानां॑ स॒पत्ना॑नां विषास॒हिम्।
- a male animal of any kind
- the best, excellent and the most powerful of any kind or race
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋ॒ष॒भः (ṛṣabháḥ) | ऋ॒ष॒भौ (ṛṣabháu) ऋ॒ष॒भा¹ (ṛṣabhā́¹) |
ऋ॒ष॒भाः (ṛṣabhā́ḥ) ऋ॒ष॒भासः॑¹ (ṛṣabhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ऋ॒ष॒भम् (ṛṣabhám) | ऋ॒ष॒भौ (ṛṣabháu) ऋ॒ष॒भा¹ (ṛṣabhā́¹) |
ऋ॒ष॒भान् (ṛṣabhā́n) |
| instrumental | ऋ॒ष॒भेण॑ (ṛṣabhéṇa) | ऋ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (ṛṣabhā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ष॒भैः (ṛṣabháiḥ) ऋ॒ष॒भेभिः॑¹ (ṛṣabhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋ॒ष॒भाय॑ (ṛṣabhā́ya) | ऋ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (ṛṣabhā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (ṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋ॒ष॒भात् (ṛṣabhā́t) | ऋ॒ष॒भाभ्या॑म् (ṛṣabhā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ष॒भेभ्यः॑ (ṛṣabhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋ॒ष॒भस्य॑ (ṛṣabhásya) | ऋ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (ṛṣabháyoḥ) | ऋ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् (ṛṣabhā́ṇām) |
| locative | ऋ॒ष॒भे (ṛṣabhé) | ऋ॒ष॒भयोः॑ (ṛṣabháyoḥ) | ऋ॒ष॒भेषु॑ (ṛṣabhéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋष॑भ (ṛ́ṣabha) | ऋष॑भौ (ṛ́ṣabhau) ऋष॑भा¹ (ṛ́ṣabhā¹) |
ऋष॑भाः (ṛ́ṣabhāḥ) ऋष॑भासः¹ (ṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨂𐨮𐨬𐨿𐨱 (uṣavha)
- Khowar: ریݰو (reṣú)
- Pali: usabha
- → Khmer: ឧសភ (ʼŏsâph)
- → Kannada: ಋಷಭ (ṛṣabha)
- → Malayalam: ഋഷഭം (r̥ṣabhaṁ), ഇടവം (iṭavaṁ)
- → Tamil: ரிஷபம் (riṣapam), இடபம் (iṭapam)
- → Telugu: ఋషభము (r̥ṣabhamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “ऋषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 226, column 3.