वणिज्

See also: वाणिज

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wen(h₁)-h₂ǵ-, composed of *wenh₁- (to win) + *h₂eǵ- (to drive, lead).[1][2] Compare वनोति (vanóti), particularly in the meaning “to acquire”, and अजति (ájati, to drive), respectively.

Pronunciation

Noun

व॒णिज् • (vaṇíj) stemm

  1. merchant, trader, businessman
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.112.11:
      याभिः॑ सुदानू औशि॒जाय॑ व॒णिजे॑ दी॒र्घश्र॑वसे॒ मधु॒ कोशो॒ अक्ष॑रत् ।
      क॒क्षीव॑न्तं स्तो॒तारं॒ याभि॒राव॑तं॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम् ॥
      yā́bhiḥ sudānū auśijā́ya vaṇíje dīrgháśravase mádhu kóśo ákṣarat.
      kakṣī́vantaṃ stotā́raṃ yā́bhirā́vataṃ tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatam.
      With those aids by which, beauteous donors, the cloud was made to shed its sweet water, for Dīrgháśravas, for the merchant Aukṣija, and by which you protected the devout Kakṣīvat; with them, Aśvins, come willingly hither.
  2. (astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Libra
  3. trade, traffic, commerce, merchanthood
    • c. 300 BCE, Gautama Dharmasūtra 2.1.49.1:
      वैश्यस्याधिकं कृषिवणिक्पाशुपाल्यकुसीदम् ॥
      vaiśyasyādhikaṃ kṛṣivaṇikpāśupālyakusīdam.
      Farming, commerce, herdsmanship and usury is more for a Vaiśya.
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
      )

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of व॒णिज्
singular dual plural
nominative व॒णिक् (vaṇík) व॒णिजौ॑ (vaṇíjau)
व॒णिजा॑¹ (vaṇíjā¹)
व॒णिजः॑ (vaṇíjaḥ)
accusative व॒णिज॑म् (vaṇíjam) व॒णिजौ॑ (vaṇíjau)
व॒णिजा॑¹ (vaṇíjā¹)
व॒णिजः॑ (vaṇíjaḥ)
instrumental व॒णिजा॑ (vaṇíjā) व॒णिग्भ्या॑म् (vaṇígbhyām) व॒णिग्भिः॑ (vaṇígbhiḥ)
dative व॒णिजे॑ (vaṇíje) व॒णिग्भ्या॑म् (vaṇígbhyām) व॒णिग्भ्यः॑ (vaṇígbhyaḥ)
ablative व॒णिजः॑ (vaṇíjaḥ) व॒णिग्भ्या॑म् (vaṇígbhyām) व॒णिग्भ्यः॑ (vaṇígbhyaḥ)
genitive व॒णिजः॑ (vaṇíjaḥ) व॒णिजोः॑ (vaṇíjoḥ) व॒णिजा॑म् (vaṇíjām)
locative व॒णिजि॑ (vaṇíji) व॒णिजोः॑ (vaṇíjoḥ) व॒णिक्षु॑ (vaṇíkṣu)
vocative वणि॑क् (váṇik) वणि॑जौ (váṇijau)
वणि॑जा¹ (váṇijā¹)
वणि॑जः (váṇijaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑀺 (vaṇi)

References

  1. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*h₂eĝ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267, 270
  2. ^ banyan”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.