रजस्
Hindi
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ɾə.d͡ʒəs/, [ɾɐ.d͡ʒɐs]
Noun
रजस् • (rajas) m
- dust, dirt, pollen
- (Hinduism) rajas, one of the three gunas in Hindu philosophy, representing things that are active, excitable, or passionate.
- (euphemistic) menstrual blood, menstrual fluid
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | रजस् rajas |
रजस् rajas |
| oblique | रजस् rajas |
रजसों rajasõ |
| vocative | रजस् rajas |
रजसो rajaso |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “रजस्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4108
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “रजस्”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 852
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- rajas (Latin script)
- 𑀭𑀚𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- রজস্ (Bengali script)
- රජස් (Sinhalese script)
- ရဇသ် or ရၹသ် (Burmese script)
- รชสฺ or ระชัส (Thai script)
- ᩁᨩᩈ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
- ຣຊສ຺ or ຣະຊັສ (Lao script)
- រជស៑ (Khmer script)
- 𑄢𑄎𑄥𑄴 (Chakma script)
Noun
रजस् n or m
- Devanagari script form of rajas (“dust”)
Declension
Declension table of "रजस्" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | रजो (rajo) or रजं (rajaṃ) | रजानि (rajāni) |
| Accusative (second) | रजो (rajo) or रजं (rajaṃ) | रजानि (rajāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | रजसा (rajasā) or रजेन (rajena) | रजेहि (rajehi) or रजेभि (rajebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | रजसो (rajaso) or रजस्स (rajassa) | रजानं (rajānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | रजसा (rajasā) or रजस्मा (rajasmā) or रजम्हा (rajamhā) or रजा (rajā) | रजेहि (rajehi) or रजेभि (rajebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | रजसो (rajaso) or रजस्स (rajassa) | रजानं (rajānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | रजसि (rajasi) or रजस्मिं (rajasmiṃ) or रजम्हि (rajamhi) or रजे (raje) | रजेसु (rajesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | रजो (rajo) or रज (raja) or रजं (rajaṃ) or रजा (rajā) | रजानि (rajāni) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰজস্ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬚᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- রজস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰕𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀚𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ရဇသ် (Burmese script)
- રજસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਜਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑌜𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦗꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂔𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ರಜಸ್ (Kannada script)
- រជស៑ (Khmer script)
- ຣຊສ຺ (Lao script)
- രജസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᠠᡯᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘕𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᠽᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑦵𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐖𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ରଜସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢙꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆘𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖕𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- රජස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩣𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚑𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- ரஜஸ் (Tamil script)
- రజస్ (Telugu script)
- รชสฺ (Thai script)
- ར་ཛ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒖𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨥𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁régʷos (“darkness”). Cognate with Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos, personification of darkness), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 (riqis, “darkness”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɐ́.d͡ʑɐs/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾɐ.d͡ʑɐs̪/
Noun
रज॑स् • (rájas) stem, n
- atmosphere; space between heaven and earth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.35.2:
- आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न् ॥- ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan. - Advancing throughout the dusky firmament, laying to rest the immortal and the mortal,
Borne in his golden chariot he cometh, Savitar, the God who looks on every creature.
- ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
- आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
- darkness, dimness, anything that obscures vision such as dust, or mist
- dirt, impurity
- menstrual flow
- c. 340 BCE, Cāṇakya:
- भस्मना शुध्यते कांस्यं ताम्रमम्लेन शुध्यति ।
रजसा शुध्यते नारी नदी वेगेन शुध्यति ॥- bhasmanā śudhyate kāṃsyaṃ tāmramamlena śudhyati.
rajasā śudhyate nārī nadī vegena śudhyati. - Brass is cleansed by ash, copper is cleansed by acid.
The woman is cleansed by the menstrual flow, a river is cleansed by current.
- bhasmanā śudhyate kāṃsyaṃ tāmramamlena śudhyati.
- भस्मना शुध्यते कांस्यं ताम्रमम्लेन शुध्यति ।
- menstrual flow
- dirt, impurity
- (philosophy) one of the three innate qualities described in Hindu philosophy, the tendency that drives energetic passion, the other two being सत्त्व (sattva) and तमस् (tamas)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रजः॑ (rájaḥ) | रज॑सी (rájasī) | रजां॑सि (rájāṃsi) |
| accusative | रजः॑ (rájaḥ) | रज॑सी (rájasī) | रजां॑सि (rájāṃsi) |
| instrumental | रज॑सा (rájasā) | रजो॑भ्याम् (rájobhyām) | रजो॑भिः (rájobhiḥ) |
| dative | रज॑से (rájase) | रजो॑भ्याम् (rájobhyām) | रजो॑भ्यः (rájobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रज॑सः (rájasaḥ) | रजो॑भ्याम् (rájobhyām) | रजो॑भ्यः (rájobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रज॑सः (rájasaḥ) | रज॑सोः (rájasoḥ) | रज॑साम् (rájasām) |
| locative | रज॑सि (rájasi) | रज॑सोः (rájasoḥ) | रजः॑सु (rájaḥsu) |
| vocative | रजः॑ (rájaḥ) | रज॑सी (rájasī) | रजां॑सि (rájāṃsi) |
Derived terms
- रजस्वला (rajasvalā)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “रजस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 863/2.