भ्रातृव्य
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ভ্ৰাতৃৱ্য (Assamese script)
- ᬪ᭄ᬭᬵᬢᬺᬯ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
- ভ্রাতৃব্য (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰝𑰴𑰪𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀾𑀯𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- ဘြာတၖဝျ (Burmese script)
- ભ્રાતૃવ્ય (Gujarati script)
- ਭ੍ਰਾਤ੍ਰਵ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌤𑍃𑌵𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦿꦴꦠꦽꦮꦾ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂞𑃂𑂫𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ಭ್ರಾತೃವ್ಯ (Kannada script)
- ភ្រាត្ឫវ្យ (Khmer script)
- ຠ຺ຣາຕ຺ຣິວ຺ຍ (Lao script)
- ഭ്രാതൃവ്യ (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳᠸᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘝𑘵𑘪𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠷᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢᠧᠶᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦽𑧖𑧊𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐟𑐺𑐰𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
- ଭ୍ରାତୃଵ୍ଯ (Odia script)
- ꢩ꣄ꢬꢵꢡꢺꢮ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆠𑆸𑆮𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖝𑖴𑖪𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
- භ්රාතෘව්ය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩫𑩙𑩾 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚙𑚦𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
- ப்⁴ராத்ரிவ்ய (Tamil script)
- భ్రాతృవ్య (Telugu script)
- ภฺราตฺฤวฺย (Thai script)
- བྷྲཱ་ཏྲྀ་ཝྱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒞𑒵𑒫𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉𑨭𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtr̥wyas (“nephew, fraternal relation”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (brātruiia, “nephew”), Pashto وراره (wrārə, “nephew”). Synchronically derived from भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”).
The antagonistic sense comes from cousins fighting over ancestral property.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bʱɾɑ́ː.tr̩ʋ.jɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /bʱɾɑː.t̪r̩ʋ.jɐ/
Noun
भ्रातृ॑व्य • (bhrā́tṛvya) stem, m
- father's brother's son; a paternal cousin
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.22.12:
- तक्मन् भ्रात्रा बलासेन स्वस्रा कासिकया सह ।
पाम्ना भ्रातृव्येण सह गछामुमरणं जनम् ॥- takman bhrātrā balāsena svasrā kāsikayā saha.
pāmnā bhrātṛvyeṇa saha gachāmumaraṇaṃ janam. - Go, Fever, with Phthisis, thy brother, and with thy sister, Cough.
And with thy cousin Scabies, go away unto that alien folk.
- takman bhrātrā balāsena svasrā kāsikayā saha.
- तक्मन् भ्रात्रा बलासेन स्वस्रा कासिकया सह ।
- a hostile cousin, a rival cousin
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.3.9:
- वरणेन प्रव्यथिता भ्रातृव्या मे सबन्धवः ।
असूर्तं रजो अप्य् अगुस् ते यन्त्व् अधमं तमः ॥- varaṇena pravyathitā bhrātṛvyā me sabandhavaḥ.
asūrtaṃ rajo apy agus te yantv adhamaṃ tamaḥ. - Affrighted by the Varana let my rival cousins
Pass to the region void of light: to deepest darkness let them go.
- varaṇena pravyathitā bhrātṛvyā me sabandhavaḥ.
- वरणेन प्रव्यथिता भ्रातृव्या मे सबन्धवः ।
- a rival, foe, adversary, enemy
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) V.7.3:
- देवासुराः संयत्ता आसन् ते ऽसुरा दिग्भ्य आबाधन्त तान् देवा इष्वा च वज्रेण चापानुदन्त यद् वज्रिणीर् उपदधातीष्वा चैव तद् वज्रेण च यजमानो भ्रातृव्यान् अप नुदते
- devāsurāḥ saṃyattā āsan te ʼsurā digbhya ābādhanta tān devā iṣvā ca vajreṇa cāpānudanta yad vajriṇīr upadadhātīṣvā caiva tad vajreṇa ca yajamāno bhrātṛvyān apa nudate
- The gods and the demons were in conflict; the demons sought to drive them from the quarters (of the earth); the gods repelled them with arrow and thunder bolt; thus the worshipper puts down the [bricks representing] the thunderbolt, he repels his foes with arrow and thunderbolt.
- देवासुराः संयत्ता आसन् ते ऽसुरा दिग्भ्य आबाधन्त तान् देवा इष्वा च वज्रेण चापानुदन्त यद् वज्रिणीर् उपदधातीष्वा चैव तद् वज्रेण च यजमानो भ्रातृव्यान् अप नुदते
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भ्रातृ॑व्यः (bhrā́tṛvyaḥ) | भ्रातृ॑व्यौ (bhrā́tṛvyau) भ्रातृ॑व्या¹ (bhrā́tṛvyā¹) |
भ्रातृ॑व्याः (bhrā́tṛvyāḥ) भ्रातृ॑व्यासः¹ (bhrā́tṛvyāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भ्रातृ॑व्यम् (bhrā́tṛvyam) | भ्रातृ॑व्यौ (bhrā́tṛvyau) भ्रातृ॑व्या¹ (bhrā́tṛvyā¹) |
भ्रातृ॑व्यान् (bhrā́tṛvyān) |
| instrumental | भ्रातृ॑व्येण (bhrā́tṛvyeṇa) | भ्रातृ॑व्याभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛvyābhyām) | भ्रातृ॑व्यैः (bhrā́tṛvyaiḥ) भ्रातृ॑व्येभिः¹ (bhrā́tṛvyebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भ्रातृ॑व्याय (bhrā́tṛvyāya) | भ्रातृ॑व्याभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛvyābhyām) | भ्रातृ॑व्येभ्यः (bhrā́tṛvyebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भ्रातृ॑व्यात् (bhrā́tṛvyāt) | भ्रातृ॑व्याभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛvyābhyām) | भ्रातृ॑व्येभ्यः (bhrā́tṛvyebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भ्रातृ॑व्यस्य (bhrā́tṛvyasya) | भ्रातृ॑व्ययोः (bhrā́tṛvyayoḥ) | भ्रातृ॑व्याणाम् (bhrā́tṛvyāṇām) |
| locative | भ्रातृ॑व्ये (bhrā́tṛvye) | भ्रातृ॑व्ययोः (bhrā́tṛvyayoḥ) | भ्रातृ॑व्येषु (bhrā́tṛvyeṣu) |
| vocative | भ्रातृ॑व्य (bhrā́tṛvya) | भ्रातृ॑व्यौ (bhrā́tṛvyau) भ्रातृ॑व्या¹ (bhrā́tṛvyā¹) |
भ्रातृ॑व्याः (bhrā́tṛvyāḥ) भ्रातृ॑व्यासः¹ (bhrā́tṛvyāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अभ्रातृव्य (abhrātṛvyá, “having no rival”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “भ्रातृव्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 770, column 2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “bhrā́tṛvya-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 281
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bhrā́tr̥vya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 552