भृज्जति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভৃজ্জতি (Assamese script)
ᬪᬺᬚ᭄ᬚᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
ভৃজ্জতি (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰴𑰕𑰿𑰕𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀾𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဘၖဇ္ဇတိ (Burmese script)
ભૃજ્જતિ (Gujarati script)
ਭ੍ਰਜ੍ਜਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑍃𑌜𑍍𑌜𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦽꦗ꧀ꦗꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑃂𑂔𑂹𑂔𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಭೃಜ್ಜತಿ (Kannada script)
ភ្ឫជ្ជតិ (Khmer script)
ຠ຺ຣິຊ຺ຊຕິ (Lao script)
ഭൃജ്ജതി (Malayalam script)
ᢨᡵᡳᡯᡯᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘵𑘕𑘿𑘕𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠷᠢᠽᠽᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧖𑦵𑧠𑦵𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐺𑐖𑑂𑐖𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଭୃଜ୍ଜତି (Odia script)
ꢩꢺꢙ꣄ꢙꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆸𑆘𑇀𑆘𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖴𑖕𑖿𑖕𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
භෘජ‍්ජති (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩙𑩣 𑪙𑩣𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚑𑚶𑚑𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ப்⁴ரிஜ்ஜதி (Tamil script)
భృజ్జతి (Telugu script)
ภฺฤชฺชติ (Thai script)
བྷྲྀ་ཛྫ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒵𑒖𑓂𑒖𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨼𑨉𑨥𑩇𑨥𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰr̥ȷ́yáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥ȷ́yáti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥ǵ-yé-ti, from *bʰerǵ- (“to roast, fry”). Cognate with Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (blyštn' /⁠brištan⁠/, “to roast”, infin.), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅 (bryzynd /⁠brinzend⁠/, “to roast”, 3pl.pres.), Latin frīgo (“I roast, fry”), Ancient Greek φρύγω (phrúgō, “I roast, bake”). The assimilation from the expected *भृज्यति (bhṛjyáti) may be caused by influence from Middle Indo-Aryan.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱr̩d.d͡ʑɐ́.ti/, [bʱr̩d̚.d͡ʑɐ́.ti]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bʱr̩d̪.d͡ʑɐ.t̪i/, [bʱr̩d̪̚.d͡ʑɐ.t̪i]

Verb

भृ॒ज्जति॑ • (bhṛjjáti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root भ्रज्ज्)

roasts, grills, fries

Conjugation

Present: भृ॒ज्जति॑ (bhṛjjáti), भृ॒ज्जते॑ (bhṛjjáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	भृ॒ज्जति॑ bhṛjjáti	भृ॒ज्जतः॑ bhṛjjátaḥ	भृ॒ज्जन्ति॑ bhṛjjánti	भृ॒ज्जते॑ bhṛjjáte	भृ॒ज्जेते॑ bhṛjjéte	भृ॒ज्जन्ते॑ bhṛjjánte
Second	भृ॒ज्जसि॑ bhṛjjási	भृ॒ज्जथः॑ bhṛjjáthaḥ	भृ॒ज्जथ॑ bhṛjjátha	भृ॒ज्जसे॑ bhṛjjáse	भृ॒ज्जेथे॑ bhṛjjéthe	भृ॒ज्जध्वे॑ bhṛjjádhve
First	भृ॒ज्जामि॑ bhṛjjā́mi	भृ॒ज्जावः॑ bhṛjjā́vaḥ	भृ॒ज्जामः॑ / भृ॒ज्जाम॑सि¹ bhṛjjā́maḥ / bhṛjjā́masi¹	भृ॒ज्जे bhṛjjé	भृ॒ज्जाव॑हे bhṛjjā́vahe	भृ॒ज्जाम॑हे bhṛjjā́mahe
Imperative
Third	भृ॒ज्जतु॑ bhṛjjátu	भृ॒ज्जता॑म् bhṛjjátām	भृ॒ज्जन्तु॑ bhṛjjántu	भृ॒ज्जता॑म् bhṛjjátām	भृ॒ज्जेता॑म् bhṛjjétām	भृ॒ज्जन्ता॑म् bhṛjjántām
Second	भृ॒ज्ज bhṛjjá	भृ॒ज्जत॑म् bhṛjjátam	भृ॒ज्जत॑ bhṛjjáta	भृ॒ज्जस्व॑ bhṛjjásva	भृ॒ज्जेथा॑म् bhṛjjéthām	भृ॒ज्जध्व॑म् bhṛjjádhvam
First	भृ॒ज्जानि॑ bhṛjjā́ni	भृ॒ज्जाव॑ bhṛjjā́va	भृ॒ज्जाम॑ bhṛjjā́ma	भृ॒ज्जै bhṛjjái	भृ॒ज्जाव॑है bhṛjjā́vahai	भृ॒ज्जाम॑है bhṛjjā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	भृ॒ज्जेत् bhṛjjét	भृ॒ज्जेता॑म् bhṛjjétām	भृ॒ज्जेयुः॑ bhṛjjéyuḥ	भृ॒ज्जेत॑ bhṛjjéta	भृ॒ज्जेया॑ताम् bhṛjjéyātām	भृ॒ज्जेर॑न् bhṛjjéran
Second	भृ॒ज्जेः bhṛjjéḥ	भृ॒ज्जेत॑म् bhṛjjétam	भृ॒ज्जेत॑ bhṛjjéta	भृ॒ज्जेथाः॑ bhṛjjéthāḥ	भृ॒ज्जेया॑थाम् bhṛjjéyāthām	भृ॒ज्जेध्व॑म् bhṛjjédhvam
First	भृ॒ज्जेय॑म् bhṛjjéyam	भृ॒ज्जेव॑ bhṛjjéva	भृ॒ज्जेम॑ bhṛjjéma	भृ॒ज्जेय॑ bhṛjjéya	भृ॒ज्जेव॑हि bhṛjjévahi	भृ॒ज्जेम॑हि bhṛjjémahi
Subjunctive
Third	भृ॒ज्जात् / भृ॒ज्जाति॑ bhṛjjā́t / bhṛjjā́ti	भृ॒ज्जातः॑ bhṛjjā́taḥ	भृ॒ज्जान् bhṛjjā́n	भृ॒ज्जाते॑ / भृ॒ज्जातै॑ bhṛjjā́te / bhṛjjā́tai	भृ॒ज्जैते॑ bhṛjjáite	भृ॒ज्जन्त॑ / भृ॒ज्जान्तै॑ bhṛjjánta / bhṛjjā́ntai
Second	भृ॒ज्जाः / भृ॒ज्जासि॑ bhṛjjā́ḥ / bhṛjjā́si	भृ॒ज्जाथः॑ bhṛjjā́thaḥ	भृ॒ज्जाथ॑ bhṛjjā́tha	भृ॒ज्जासे॑ / भृ॒ज्जासै॑ bhṛjjā́se / bhṛjjā́sai	भृ॒ज्जैथे॑ bhṛjjáithe	भृ॒ज्जाध्वै॑ bhṛjjā́dhvai
First	भृ॒ज्जानि॑ bhṛjjā́ni	भृ॒ज्जाव॑ bhṛjjā́va	भृ॒ज्जाम॑ bhṛjjā́ma	भृ॒ज्जै bhṛjjái	भृ॒ज्जाव॑है bhṛjjā́vahai	भृ॒ज्जाम॑है bhṛjjā́mahai
Participles
	भृ॒ज्जत् bhṛjját			भृ॒ज्जमा॑न bhṛjjámāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अभृ॑ज्जत् (ábhṛjjat), अभृ॑ज्जत (ábhṛjjata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अभृ॑ज्जत् ábhṛjjat	अभृ॑ज्जताम् ábhṛjjatām	अभृ॑ज्जन् ábhṛjjan	अभृ॑ज्जत ábhṛjjata	अभृ॑ज्जेताम् ábhṛjjetām	अभृ॑ज्जन्त ábhṛjjanta
Second	अभृ॑ज्जः ábhṛjjaḥ	अभृ॑ज्जतम् ábhṛjjatam	अभृ॑ज्जत ábhṛjjata	अभृ॑ज्जथाः ábhṛjjathāḥ	अभृ॑ज्जेथाम् ábhṛjjethām	अभृ॑ज्जध्वम् ábhṛjjadhvam
First	अभृ॑ज्जम् ábhṛjjam	अभृ॑ज्जाव ábhṛjjāva	अभृ॑ज्जाम ábhṛjjāma	अभृ॑ज्जे ábhṛjje	अभृ॑ज्जावहि ábhṛjjāvahi	अभृ॑ज्जामहि ábhṛjjāmahi

Descendants

Pali: bhajjati
Prakrit: 𑀪𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (bhajjaï), *𑀪𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (*bhujjaï)
- Prakrit: 𑀪𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀺𑀬 (bhujjiya, “fried, roasted”, innovated past participle)
  - Northwestern:
    - Punjabi: ਭੁੱਜੀ (bhujjī), ਭੁਰਜੀ (bhurjī) (the form with -r- is Sanskritism)
      - → Hindi: भुर्जी (bhurjī), भुरजी (bhurjī)
      - → Urdu: بھُرْجی (bhurjī)
      - → English: bhurji
  - Eastern:
    - Assamese: ভাজ (bhaz)
    - Bengali: ভাজা (bhaja), ভাজি (bhaji)
    - Sylheti: ꠜꠣꠎꠣ (báza)
  - Central:
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: भूजी (bhūjī), भुजिया (bhujiyā)
      - Urdu: بھوجی (bhūjī), بھُجِیا (bhujiyā)
        → English: bhujia

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰerg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 78
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bra(i)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰerg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 78

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bra(i)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

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