बीज

See also: बाज़ी, बाज़, बजे, and बाजा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit बीज (bī́ja). Doublet of बीआ (bīā), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /biːd͡ʒ/
Audio (Delhi): (file)

Noun

बीज • (bīj) m (Urdu spelling بیج)

seed, seedling
nucleus (clarification of this definition is needed.)
Synonym: नाभिक (nābhik)
kernel

Declension

Declension of *बीज* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	बीज bīj	बीज bīj
oblique	बीज bīj	बीजों bījõ
vocative	बीज bīj	बीजो bījo

Marathi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bid͡ʑ/, [biːd͡ʑ]

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बीज (bīja). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘤𑘲𑘕 (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of बी (bī).

Noun

बीज • (bīj) n^[1]^[2]

seed, seedling
Synonym: बी (bī)
(informal) semen
Synonyms: वीर्य (vīrya), रेत (ret)

Declension

Declension of बीज (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	बीज bīj
direct plural	बीजे, बीजं bīje, bīja
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	बीज bīj	बीजे, बीजं bīje, bīja
oblique सामान्यरूप	बीजा bījā	बीजां- bījān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	बीजाला bījālā	बीजांना bījānnā
ergative	बीजाने, बीजानं bījāne, bījāna	बीजांनी bījānnī
instrumental	बीजाशी bījāśī	बीजांशी bījānśī
locative सप्तमी	बीजात bījāt	बीजांत bījāt
vocative संबोधन	बीजा bījā	बीजांनो bījānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of बीज (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	बीजाचा bījāċā	बीजाचे bījāċe	बीजाची bījācī	बीजाच्या bījācā	बीजाचे, बीजाचं bījāċe, bījāċa	बीजाची bījācī	बीजाच्या bījācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	बीजांचा bījānċā	बीजांचे bījānċe	बीजांची bījāñcī	बीजांच्या bījāncā	बीजांचे, बीजांचं bījānċe, bījānċa	बीजांची bījāñcī	बीजांच्या bījāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘤𑘲𑘕 (bīja), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀩𑀺𑀇𑀚𑁆𑀚 (biijja), from Sanskrit द्वितीय (dvitīya). Doublet of द्वितीय (dvitīy).

Noun

बीज • (bīj) n^[3] (archaic)

Dwitiya; the second day (tithi) in the lunar fortnight (paksha) of the Hindu calendar.

Declension

Declension of बीज (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	बीज bīj
direct plural	बीजे, बीजं bīje, bīja
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	बीज bīj	बीजे, बीजं bīje, bīja
oblique सामान्यरूप	बीजा bījā	बीजां- bījān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	बीजाला bījālā	बीजांना bījānnā
ergative	बीजाने, बीजानं bījāne, bījāna	बीजांनी bījānnī
instrumental	बीजाशी bījāśī	बीजांशी bījānśī
locative सप्तमी	बीजात bījāt	बीजांत bījāt
vocative संबोधन	बीजा bījā	बीजांनो bījānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of बीज (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	बीजाचा bījāċā	बीजाचे bījāċe	बीजाची bījācī	बीजाच्या bījācā	बीजाचे, बीजाचं bījāċe, bījāċa	बीजाची bījācī	बीजाच्या bījācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	बीजांचा bījānċā	बीजांचे bījānċe	बीजांची bījāñcī	बीजांच्या bījāncā	बीजांचे, बीजांचं bījānċe, bījānċa	बीजांची bījāñcī	बीजांच्या bījāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

More information

^ Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “बीज”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
^ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “बीज”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
^ दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “बीज”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)

Marwari

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बीज (bīja).

Noun

बीज (bīj) ?

Derived terms

बीजणौ (bījṇau)

Old Marathi

Noun

बीज (bīja) n

Devanagari script form of 𑘤𑘲𑘕

Declension

Declension of बीज
	singular	plural
direct	बीज (bīja)	बिजें (bijeṃ)
oblique	बिजा (bijā)	बिजां (bijāṃ)
instrumental	बिजें (bijeṃ)	बिजीं (bijīṃ)
locative	बिजी (bijī)	बिजीं (bijīṃ)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

bīja (Latin script)
𑀩𑀻𑀚 (Brahmi script)
বীজ (Bengali script)
බීජ (Sinhalese script)
ဗီဇ or ဗဳဇ or ၿီၹ (Burmese script)
พีช or พีชะ (Thai script)
ᨻᩦᨩ (Tai Tham script)
ພີຊ or ພີຊະ (Lao script)
ពីជ (Khmer script)
𑄝𑄩𑄎 (Chakma script)

Noun

बीज n

Devanagari script form of bīja

Declension

Declension table of "बीज" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बीजं (bījaṃ)	बीजानि (bījāni)
Accusative (second)	बीजं (bījaṃ)	बीजानि (bījāni)
Instrumental (third)	बीजेन (bījena)	बीजेहि (bījehi) or बीजेभि (bījebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बीजस्स (bījassa) or बीजाय (bījāya) or बीजत्थं (bījatthaṃ)	बीजानं (bījānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बीजस्मा (bījasmā) or बीजम्हा (bījamhā) or बीजा (bījā)	बीजेहि (bījehi) or बीजेभि (bījebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बीजस्स (bījassa)	बीजानं (bījānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बीजस्मिं (bījasmiṃ) or बीजम्हि (bījamhi) or बीजे (bīje)	बीजेसु (bījesu)
Vocative (calling)	बीज (bīja)	बीजानि (bījāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

বীজ (Assamese script)
ᬩᬷᬚ (Balinese script)
বীজ (Bengali script)
𑰤𑰱𑰕 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀩𑀻𑀚 (Brahmi script)
ဗီဇ (Burmese script)
બીજ (Gujarati script)
ਬੀਜ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌬𑍀𑌜 (Grantha script)
ꦧꦷꦗ (Javanese script)
𑂥𑂲𑂔 (Kaithi script)
ಬೀಜ (Kannada script)
ពីជ (Khmer script)
ພີຊ (Lao script)
ബീജ (Malayalam script)
ᠪᡳᡳᡯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘤𑘲𑘕 (Modi script)
ᠪᠢᠢᠽᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧄𑧓𑦵 (Nandinagari script)
𑐧𑐷𑐖 (Newa script)
ବୀଜ (Odia script)
ꢨꢷꢙ (Saurashtra script)
𑆧𑆵𑆘 (Sharada script)
𑖤𑖱𑖕 (Siddham script)
බීජ (Sinhalese script)
𑩲𑩑𑩛𑩣 (Soyombo script)
𑚠𑚯𑚑 (Takri script)
பீ³ஜ (Tamil script)
బీజ (Telugu script)
พีช (Thai script)
བཱི་ཛ (Tibetan script)
𑒥𑒲𑒖 (Tirhuta script)
𑨠𑨁𑨊𑨥 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bíHȷ́am (“seed, semen”). Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (byz'k, “seed, semen”), Parachi bīz (“seed-corn”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bíː.d͡ʑɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /biː.d͡ʑɐ/

Noun

बीज॑ • (bī́ja) stem, n

seed
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.53.13:
  येन तोकाय तनयाय धान्यं बीजं वहध्वे अक्षितम् ।
  अस्मभ्यं तद्धत्तन यद्व ईमहे राधो विश्वायु सौभगम् ॥
  yena tokāya tanayāya dhānyaṃ bījaṃ vahadhve akṣitam.
  asmabhyaṃ taddhattana yadva īmahe rādho viśvāyu saubhagam.
  Grant to us the bounty, that which we implore, through which, for child and progeny,
  Ye give the seed of corn that does not die, and bliss that reaches to all life.
semen
grain
origin
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 7.10:
  बीजं मां सर्वभूतानां सनातनम्
  bījaṃ māṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ sanātanam
  The origin I am of all beings, everlasting
any germ, generating element
1. algebra

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of बीज॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	बीज॑म् (bī́jam)	बीजे॑ (bī́je)	बीजा॑नि (bī́jāni) बीजा॑¹ (bī́jā¹)
accusative	बीज॑म् (bī́jam)	बीजे॑ (bī́je)	बीजा॑नि (bī́jāni) बीजा॑¹ (bī́jā¹)
instrumental	बीजे॑न (bī́jena)	बीजा॑भ्याम् (bī́jābhyām)	बीजैः॑ (bī́jaiḥ) बीजे॑भिः¹ (bī́jebhiḥ¹)
dative	बीजा॑य (bī́jāya)	बीजा॑भ्याम् (bī́jābhyām)	बीजे॑भ्यः (bī́jebhyaḥ)
ablative	बीजा॑त् (bī́jāt)	बीजा॑भ्याम् (bī́jābhyām)	बीजे॑भ्यः (bī́jebhyaḥ)
genitive	बीज॑स्य (bī́jasya)	बीज॑योः (bī́jayoḥ)	बीजा॑नाम् (bī́jānām)
locative	बीजे॑ (bī́je)	बीज॑योः (bī́jayoḥ)	बीजे॑षु (bī́jeṣu)
vocative	बीज॑ (bī́ja)	बीजे॑ (bī́je)	बीजा॑नि (bī́jāni) बीजा॑¹ (bī́jā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

बीजक (bī́jaka)
बीजगणित (bījagaṇita, “algebra”)

Descendants

Inherited

Dardic:
- Chitrali:
  - Kalasha: bi
  - Khowar: بی (bi)
- Kashmiric:
  - Kashmiri: بیول (byōl)
- Kohistani:
  - Kalami: بی (bi)
  - Torwali: بِژ (biž)
- Shinaic:
  - Dangari:
    - Palula: bíi
  - Shina: बीँ (bī̃)
- → Proto-Nuristani: *bī́ya (see there for further descendants)
Gandhari: 𐨦𐨁𐨩 (biya)
Niya Prakrit: 𐨧𐨁𐨗𐨹 (bhij́a)
Prakrit: 𑀩𑀻𑀅 (bīa)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: बीआ (bīā), बीया (bīyā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Nepali: बीउ (bīu)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi: ਬੀ (bī)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: बी / ಬೀ / bim (bī)
  - Old Marathi: बीं / 𑘤𑘲𑘽 (bīṃ)
    - Marathi: बी (bī)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: બી (bī), બીયું (bīyũ)

Borrowed

→ Gujarati: બીજ (bīj)
→ Bengali: বীজ (bij)
→ Hindi: बीज (bīj)
→ Khmer: ពីជៈ (piicĕəʼ)
→ Kannada: ಬೀಜ (bīja)
→ Marathi: बीज (bīj)
→ Pali: bīja
- → Burmese: ဗီဇ (bija.)
- → Khmer: ពីជៈ (piicĕəʼ)
- → Lao: ພືດ (phư̄t)
- → Thai: พืช (pʉ̂ʉt)
→ Tamil: பீசம் (pīcam)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “bī́ja-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 227

बीज

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Marathi

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

References

Further reading

Marwari

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Old Marathi

Noun

Declension

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Further reading