फाल

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ফাল (Assamese script)
ᬨᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
ফাল (Bengali script)
𑰣𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀨𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ဖာလ (Burmese script)
ફાલ (Gujarati script)
ਫਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌫𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦦꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂤𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಫಾಲ (Kannada script)
ផាល (Khmer script)
ຜາລ (Lao script)
ഫാല (Malayalam script)
ᡦᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘣𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠹᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧃𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐦𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
ଫାଲ (Odia script)
ꢧꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆦𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖣𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
ඵාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩱𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚟𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
ப²ால (Tamil script)
ఫాల (Telugu script)
ผาล (Thai script)
ཕཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒤𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨟𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian; compare Classical Persian (supār). Further origin is uncertain; Mayrhofer prefers to link the word to the root फल् (phal, “to burst”),^[1] while others have taken the Indo-Iranian to be borrowed from the BMAC substrate. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pʰɑ́ː.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pʰɑː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

फाल॑ • (phā́la) stem, m

a plough, ploughshare, mattock

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of फाल॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	फालः॑ (phā́laḥ)	फालौ॑ (phā́lau) फाला॑¹ (phā́lā¹)	फालाः॑ (phā́lāḥ) फाला॑सः¹ (phā́lāsaḥ¹)
accusative	फाल॑म् (phā́lam)	फालौ॑ (phā́lau) फाला॑¹ (phā́lā¹)	फाला॑न् (phā́lān)
instrumental	फाले॑न (phā́lena)	फाला॑भ्याम् (phā́lābhyām)	फालैः॑ (phā́laiḥ) फाले॑भिः¹ (phā́lebhiḥ¹)
dative	फाला॑य (phā́lāya)	फाला॑भ्याम् (phā́lābhyām)	फाले॑भ्यः (phā́lebhyaḥ)
ablative	फाला॑त् (phā́lāt)	फाला॑भ्याम् (phā́lābhyām)	फाले॑भ्यः (phā́lebhyaḥ)
genitive	फाल॑स्य (phā́lasya)	फाल॑योः (phā́layoḥ)	फाला॑नाम् (phā́lānām)
locative	फाले॑ (phā́le)	फाल॑योः (phā́layoḥ)	फाले॑षु (phā́leṣu)
vocative	फाल॑ (phā́la)	फालौ॑ (phā́lau) फाला॑¹ (phā́lā¹)	फालाः॑ (phā́lāḥ) फाला॑सः¹ (phā́lāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: phāla
- → Khmer: ផាល (phaal)
Prakrit: 𑀨𑀸𑀮 (phāla)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: फाल (phāl), फाला (phālā), फार (phār), फारा (phārā)
    - Urdu: پھال (phāl), پھالا (phālā), پھار (phār), پھارا (phārā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Assamese: ফাল (phal)
  - Bengali: ফাল (phal)
  - Odia: ଫାଳ (phāḷa), ଫାର (phāra)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: फार (phār)
    - Maithili: फार (phār), फारा (phārā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bhadrawahi: फाल् (phāl)
  - Jaunsari: फावा (phāvā), फाळा (phāḷā)
  - Kumaoni: फालो (phālo), फाव् (phāw)
  - Nepali: फालि (phāli)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਫਾਲਾ (phālā), ਫਾਲੀ (phālī)
    Shahmukhi script: پھالا (phālā), پھالِی (phālī)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ڦارُ (phāru)
    Devanagari script: फारु (phāru)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: फाळ (phāḷ)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “phā́la-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 203