पीत
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Hindi पीत
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पीत (pīta).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /piːt̪/
Adjective
पीत • (pīt) (indeclinable)
Derived terms
- पीत ज्वर (pīt jvar)
Noun
पीत • (pīt) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | पीत pīt |
पीत pīt |
| oblique | पीत pīt |
पीतों pītõ |
| vocative | पीत pīt |
पीतो pīto |
See also
| सादा (sādā), सफ़ेद (safed), उज्जर (ujjar), श्वेत (śvet) | स्लेटी (sleṭī), छाई (chāī), धूसर (dhūsar), सुरमई (surmaī) | काला (kālā), साँवला (sā̃vlā), कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), श्याम (śyām) |
| लाल (lāl), सुर्ख़ (surx), राता (rātā); महरून (mahrūn), सिंदूरी (sindūrī), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī) | नारंगी (nāraṅgī), केसरी (kesrī), गेरुआ (geruā), भगवा (bhagvā), ज़ाफ़रानी (zāfrānī); भूरा (bhūrā), कत्थई (katthaī), मटीयेला (maṭīyelā), चॉकलेटी (cŏkleṭī), ख़ाकी (xākī) | पीला (pīlā), बसंती (basantī), ज़र्द (zard); गेहुँआ (gehũā), बादामी (bādāmī) |
| नींबू (nīmbū), अंगूरी (aṅgūrī), अमरूदी (amrūdī) | हरा (harā), सुग्गा (suggā), सब्ज़ (sabz) | पुदीनहरा (pudīnahrā); गाढ़ा हरा (gāṛhā harā), ज़ुमरुदी (zumrudī) |
| फ़िरोज़ा (firozā) | लाजवर्दी (lājvardī) | नीला (nīlā) |
| बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), ऊदा (ūdā) | रानी (rānī); जामुनी (jāmunī) | गुलाबी (gulābī) |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “पीत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পীত (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬷᬢ (Balinese script)
- পীত (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰱𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀻𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ပီတ (Burmese script)
- પીત (Gujarati script)
- ਪੀਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍀𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦷꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂲𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಪೀತ (Kannada script)
- បីត (Khmer script)
- ປີຕ (Lao script)
- പീത (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡳᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘲𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠢᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧓𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐷𑐟 (Newa script)
- ପୀତ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢷꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆵𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖱𑖝 (Siddham script)
- පීත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩑𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚯𑚙 (Takri script)
- பீத (Tamil script)
- పీత (Telugu script)
- ปีต (Thai script)
- པཱི་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒲𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨁𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /piː.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /piː.t̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtás (“drunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₃tós. Cognate with Latin pōtus, Ancient Greek ποτός (potós), Persian نبید (na-bid, “wine”).[1]
The "soaked" meaning may derive from the root पी (pī, “to soak, fatten”) or otherwise be influenced by it.
Participle
पी॒त • (pītá) past passive participle (root पा)
- past passive participle of पा (pā)
Adjective
पी॒त • (pītá) stem
- drunk, imbibed, sipped, quaffed, sipped
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.10:
- ऋदूदरेण सख्या सचेय यो मा न रिष्येद्धर्यश्व पीतः ।
अयं यः सोमो न्यधाय्यस्मे तस्मा इन्द्रं प्रतिरमेम्यायुः ॥- ṛdūdareṇa sakhyā saceya yo mā na riṣyeddharyaśva pītaḥ.
ayaṃ yaḥ somo nyadhāyyasme tasmā indraṃ pratiramemyāyuḥ. - O Lord of Horses, may I be with the Friend [Soma] whose heart is tender, who, when drunk will never harm me
This Soma now deposited within me. For this, I pray for longer life to Indra.
- ṛdūdareṇa sakhyā saceya yo mā na riṣyeddharyaśva pītaḥ.
- ऋदूदरेण सख्या सचेय यो मा न रिष्येद्धर्यश्व पीतः ।
- soaked, saturated, filled with (with instrumental of the object)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पी॒तः (pītáḥ) | पी॒तौ (pītáu) पी॒ता¹ (pītā́¹) |
पी॒ताः (pītā́ḥ) पी॒तासः॑¹ (pītā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | पी॒तम् (pītám) | पी॒तौ (pītáu) पी॒ता¹ (pītā́¹) |
पी॒तान् (pītā́n) |
| instrumental | पी॒तेन॑ (pīténa) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तैः (pītáiḥ) पी॒तेभिः॑¹ (pītébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | पी॒ताय॑ (pītā́ya) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तेभ्यः॑ (pītébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पी॒तात् (pītā́t) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तेभ्यः॑ (pītébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पी॒तस्य॑ (pītásya) | पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒ताना॑म् (pītā́nām) |
| locative | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒तेषु॑ (pītéṣu) |
| vocative | पीत॑ (pī́ta) | पीतौ॑ (pī́tau) पीता॑¹ (pī́tā¹) |
पीताः॑ (pī́tāḥ) पीता॑सः¹ (pī́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पी॒ता (pītā́) | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒ताः (pītā́ḥ) |
| accusative | पी॒ताम् (pītā́m) | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒ताः (pītā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | पी॒तया॑ (pītáyā) पी॒ता¹ (pītā́¹) |
पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒ताभिः॑ (pītā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | पी॒तायै॑ (pītā́yai) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒ताभ्यः॑ (pītā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पी॒तायाः॑ (pītā́yāḥ) पी॒तायै॑² (pītā́yai²) |
पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒ताभ्यः॑ (pītā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पी॒तायाः॑ (pītā́yāḥ) पी॒तायै॑² (pītā́yai²) |
पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒ताना॑म् (pītā́nām) |
| locative | पी॒ताया॑म् (pītā́yām) | पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒तासु॑ (pītā́su) |
| vocative | पीते॑ (pī́te) | पीते॑ (pī́te) | पीताः॑ (pī́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पी॒तम् (pītám) | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒तानि॑ (pītā́ni) पी॒ता¹ (pītā́¹) |
| accusative | पी॒तम् (pītám) | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒तानि॑ (pītā́ni) पी॒ता¹ (pītā́¹) |
| instrumental | पी॒तेन॑ (pīténa) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तैः (pītáiḥ) पी॒तेभिः॑¹ (pītébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | पी॒ताय॑ (pītā́ya) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तेभ्यः॑ (pītébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पी॒तात् (pītā́t) | पी॒ताभ्या॑म् (pītā́bhyām) | पी॒तेभ्यः॑ (pītébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पी॒तस्य॑ (pītásya) | पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒ताना॑म् (pītā́nām) |
| locative | पी॒ते (pīté) | पी॒तयोः॑ (pītáyoḥ) | पी॒तेषु॑ (pītéṣu) |
| vocative | पीत॑ (pī́ta) | पीते॑ (pī́te) | पीता॑नि (pī́tāni) पीता॑¹ (pī́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Etymology 2
Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to पित्त (pitta, “bile”), and along with it, derived from the root पी (pī, “to swell, fatten”) with semantic shift "fat" > "the color of fat (like butter and oil)" > "yellow". It is also possible that पित्त (pitta) is the original term, with पीत (pīta) a derivative of it; in this case, whether पित्त (pitta) derives from पी (pī) is less clear.[2]
Adjective
पीत • (pīta) stem
- yellow (the color of the Vaiśyas, white being that of the Brāhmans, red that of the Kṣatriyas, and black that of the Śūdras)
Noun
पीत • (pīta) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पीतः (pītaḥ) | पीतौ (pītau) पीता¹ (pītā¹) |
पीताः (pītāḥ) पीतासः¹ (pītāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | पीतम् (pītam) | पीतौ (pītau) पीता¹ (pītā¹) |
पीतान् (pītān) |
| instrumental | पीतेन (pītena) | पीताभ्याम् (pītābhyām) | पीतैः (pītaiḥ) पीतेभिः¹ (pītebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | पीताय (pītāya) | पीताभ्याम् (pītābhyām) | पीतेभ्यः (pītebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पीतात् (pītāt) | पीताभ्याम् (pītābhyām) | पीतेभ्यः (pītebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पीतस्य (pītasya) | पीतयोः (pītayoḥ) | पीतानाम् (pītānām) |
| locative | पीते (pīte) | पीतयोः (pītayoḥ) | पीतेषु (pīteṣu) |
| vocative | पीत (pīta) | पीतौ (pītau) पीता¹ (pītā¹) |
पीताः (pītāḥ) पीतासः¹ (pītāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- पीतक (pītaka)
- पीतल (pītala)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “PĀ² (> line 5 > pītá- getrunken)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 113
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “pīta-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 137
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “पीत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 629/2-3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “पीत”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan