पिट्टयति

Sanskrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *peys-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pištás

Sanskrit पि॒ष्ट (piṣṭá)?

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)

Sanskrit पिट्टयति

Unknown. Possibly a Middle Indo-Aryan denominal verb from पि॒ष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”) +‎ -अयति (-ayati), but the lack of aspiration is unexpected.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /piʈ.ʈɐ.jɐ.t̪i/, [piʈ̚.ʈɐ.jɐ.t̪i]

Verb

पिट्टयति • (piṭṭayati) third-singular indicative (class 10, type P, present, root पिट्ट्)

to stamp or press into a solid mass
- c. 300 BCE, Kātyāyana, Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra

Conjugation

Present: पिट्टयति (piṭṭayati), पिट्टयते (piṭṭayate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	पिट्टयति piṭṭayati	पिट्टयतः piṭṭayataḥ	पिट्टयन्ति piṭṭayanti	पिट्टयते piṭṭayate	पिट्टयेते piṭṭayete	पिट्टयन्ते piṭṭayante
Second	पिट्टयसि piṭṭayasi	पिट्टयथः piṭṭayathaḥ	पिट्टयथ piṭṭayatha	पिट्टयसे piṭṭayase	पिट्टयेथे piṭṭayethe	पिट्टयध्वे piṭṭayadhve
First	पिट्टयामि piṭṭayāmi	पिट्टयावः piṭṭayāvaḥ	पिट्टयामः / पिट्टयामसि¹ piṭṭayāmaḥ / piṭṭayāmasi¹	पिट्टये piṭṭaye	पिट्टयावहे piṭṭayāvahe	पिट्टयामहे piṭṭayāmahe
Imperative
Third	पिट्टयतु piṭṭayatu	पिट्टयताम् piṭṭayatām	पिट्टयन्तु piṭṭayantu	पिट्टयताम् piṭṭayatām	पिट्टयेताम् piṭṭayetām	पिट्टयन्ताम् piṭṭayantām
Second	पिट्टय piṭṭaya	पिट्टयतम् piṭṭayatam	पिट्टयत piṭṭayata	पिट्टयस्व piṭṭayasva	पिट्टयेथाम् piṭṭayethām	पिट्टयध्वम् piṭṭayadhvam
First	पिट्टयानि piṭṭayāni	पिट्टयाव piṭṭayāva	पिट्टयाम piṭṭayāma	पिट्टयै piṭṭayai	पिट्टयावहै piṭṭayāvahai	पिट्टयामहै piṭṭayāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	पिट्टयेत् piṭṭayet	पिट्टयेताम् piṭṭayetām	पिट्टयेयुः piṭṭayeyuḥ	पिट्टयेत piṭṭayeta	पिट्टयेयाताम् piṭṭayeyātām	पिट्टयेरन् piṭṭayeran
Second	पिट्टयेः piṭṭayeḥ	पिट्टयेतम् piṭṭayetam	पिट्टयेत piṭṭayeta	पिट्टयेथाः piṭṭayethāḥ	पिट्टयेयाथाम् piṭṭayeyāthām	पिट्टयेध्वम् piṭṭayedhvam
First	पिट्टयेयम् piṭṭayeyam	पिट्टयेव piṭṭayeva	पिट्टयेम piṭṭayema	पिट्टयेय piṭṭayeya	पिट्टयेवहि piṭṭayevahi	पिट्टयेमहि piṭṭayemahi
Subjunctive
Third	पिट्टयात् / पिट्टयाति piṭṭayāt / piṭṭayāti	पिट्टयातः piṭṭayātaḥ	पिट्टयान् piṭṭayān	पिट्टयाते / पिट्टयातै piṭṭayāte / piṭṭayātai	पिट्टयैते piṭṭayaite	पिट्टयन्त / पिट्टयान्तै piṭṭayanta / piṭṭayāntai
Second	पिट्टयाः / पिट्टयासि piṭṭayāḥ / piṭṭayāsi	पिट्टयाथः piṭṭayāthaḥ	पिट्टयाथ piṭṭayātha	पिट्टयासे / पिट्टयासै piṭṭayāse / piṭṭayāsai	पिट्टयैथे piṭṭayaithe	पिट्टयाध्वै piṭṭayādhvai
First	पिट्टयानि piṭṭayāni	पिट्टयाव piṭṭayāva	पिट्टयाम piṭṭayāma	पिट्टयै piṭṭayai	पिट्टयावहै piṭṭayāvahai	पिट्टयामहै piṭṭayāmahai
Participles
	पिट्टयत् piṭṭayat			पिट्टयमान / पिट्टयान² piṭṭayamāna / piṭṭayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀇 (piṭṭei), 𑀧𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (piṭṭaï)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: पीटना (pīṭnā)
    - Urdu: پِیٹْنَا (pīṭnā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Assamese: পিট (pit)
    - Bengali: পিটা (piṭa)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Nepali: पिट्नु (piṭnu)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਪਿੱਟਣਾ (piṭṭaṇā)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: پِٽَڻُ (piṭaṇu)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: पिटणे (piṭṇe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: પીટવું (pīṭvũ)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “piṭṭayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 461

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “piṭṭayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 461

[1]