परम
Hindi
Etymology
From Sanskrit परम (parama). Cognate Bengali পরম (porom)
Adjective
परम • (param) (indeclinable)
Derived terms
- परमपिता (parampitā)
- परमाणु (parmāṇu)
- परमाणु बम (parmāṇu bam)
- परमावश्यक (parmāvaśyak)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
परम
- Devanagari script form of parama
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পৰম (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬭᬫ (Balinese script)
- পরম (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰨𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ပရမ (Burmese script)
- પરમ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਰਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌰𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦫꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂩𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಪರಮ (Kannada script)
- បរម (Khmer script)
- ປຣມ (Lao script)
- പരമ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡵᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘨𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧈𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐬𑐩 (Newa script)
- ପରମ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢬꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆫𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖨𑖦 (Siddham script)
- පරම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩼𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚤𑚢 (Takri script)
- பரம (Tamil script)
- పరమ (Telugu script)
- ปรม (Thai script)
- པ་ར་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒩𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨫𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Superlative of पर (pára).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.mɐ/
Adjective
प॒र॒म • (paramá) stem
- most distant, last
- highest, most excellent
- chief, primary
- (with ablative) superior or inferior to
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प॒र॒मः (paramáḥ) | प॒र॒मौ (paramáu) प॒र॒मा¹ (paramā́¹) |
प॒र॒माः (paramā́ḥ) प॒र॒मासः॑¹ (paramā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | प॒र॒मम् (paramám) | प॒र॒मौ (paramáu) प॒र॒मा¹ (paramā́¹) |
प॒र॒मान् (paramā́n) |
| instrumental | प॒र॒मेण॑ (paraméṇa) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मैः (paramáiḥ) प॒र॒मेभिः॑¹ (paramébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | प॒र॒माय॑ (paramā́ya) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मेभ्यः॑ (paramébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प॒र॒मात् (paramā́t) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मेभ्यः॑ (paramébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प॒र॒मस्य॑ (paramásya) | प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒माणा॑म् (paramā́ṇām) |
| locative | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒मेषु॑ (paraméṣu) |
| vocative | पर॑म (párama) | पर॑मौ (páramau) पर॑मा¹ (páramā¹) |
पर॑माः (páramāḥ) पर॑मासः¹ (páramāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प॒र॒मा (paramā́) | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒माः (paramā́ḥ) |
| accusative | प॒र॒माम् (paramā́m) | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒माः (paramā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | प॒र॒मया॑ (paramáyā) प॒र॒मा¹ (paramā́¹) |
प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒माभिः॑ (paramā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | प॒र॒मायै॑ (paramā́yai) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒माभ्यः॑ (paramā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प॒र॒मायाः॑ (paramā́yāḥ) प॒र॒मायै॑² (paramā́yai²) |
प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒माभ्यः॑ (paramā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प॒र॒मायाः॑ (paramā́yāḥ) प॒र॒मायै॑² (paramā́yai²) |
प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒माणा॑म् (paramā́ṇām) |
| locative | प॒र॒माया॑म् (paramā́yām) | प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒मासु॑ (paramā́su) |
| vocative | पर॑मे (párame) | पर॑मे (párame) | पर॑माः (páramāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प॒र॒मम् (paramám) | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒माणि॑ (paramā́ṇi) प॒र॒मा¹ (paramā́¹) |
| accusative | प॒र॒मम् (paramám) | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒माणि॑ (paramā́ṇi) प॒र॒मा¹ (paramā́¹) |
| instrumental | प॒र॒मेण॑ (paraméṇa) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मैः (paramáiḥ) प॒र॒मेभिः॑¹ (paramébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | प॒र॒माय॑ (paramā́ya) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मेभ्यः॑ (paramébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प॒र॒मात् (paramā́t) | प॒र॒माभ्या॑म् (paramā́bhyām) | प॒र॒मेभ्यः॑ (paramébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प॒र॒मस्य॑ (paramásya) | प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒माणा॑म् (paramā́ṇām) |
| locative | प॒र॒मे (paramé) | प॒र॒मयोः॑ (paramáyoḥ) | प॒र॒मेषु॑ (paraméṣu) |
| vocative | पर॑म (párama) | पर॑मे (párame) | पर॑माणि (páramāṇi) पर॑मा¹ (páramā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
परम • (parama) stem, n
- highest point, extreme limit
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “परम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 588, column 1.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “परम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan