दारयति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

दालयति (dālayati)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *der-

Sanskrit दॄ (dṝ)

Sanskrit दारयति

Causative of दॄ (dṝ). Displaced Sanskrit दरयति (darayati).

Verb

दारयति • (dārayati) third-singular indicative (causative, root दॄ)^[1]^[2]

to tear asunder, divide by splitting or digging
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
to scatter, disperse

Conjugation

Present: दारयति (dārayati), दारयते (dārayate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	दारयति dārayati	दारयतः dārayataḥ	दारयन्ति dārayanti	दारयते dārayate	दारयेते dārayete	दारयन्ते dārayante
Second	दारयसि dārayasi	दारयथः dārayathaḥ	दारयथ dārayatha	दारयसे dārayase	दारयेथे dārayethe	दारयध्वे dārayadhve
First	दारयामि dārayāmi	दारयावः dārayāvaḥ	दारयामः / दारयामसि¹ dārayāmaḥ / dārayāmasi¹	दारये dāraye	दारयावहे dārayāvahe	दारयामहे dārayāmahe
Imperative
Third	दारयतु dārayatu	दारयताम् dārayatām	दारयन्तु dārayantu	दारयताम् dārayatām	दारयेताम् dārayetām	दारयन्ताम् dārayantām
Second	दारय dāraya	दारयतम् dārayatam	दारयत dārayata	दारयस्व dārayasva	दारयेथाम् dārayethām	दारयध्वम् dārayadhvam
First	दारयाणि dārayāṇi	दारयाव dārayāva	दारयाम dārayāma	दारयै dārayai	दारयावहै dārayāvahai	दारयामहै dārayāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	दारयेत् dārayet	दारयेताम् dārayetām	दारयेयुः dārayeyuḥ	दारयेत dārayeta	दारयेयाताम् dārayeyātām	दारयेरन् dārayeran
Second	दारयेः dārayeḥ	दारयेतम् dārayetam	दारयेत dārayeta	दारयेथाः dārayethāḥ	दारयेयाथाम् dārayeyāthām	दारयेध्वम् dārayedhvam
First	दारयेयम् dārayeyam	दारयेव dārayeva	दारयेम dārayema	दारयेय dārayeya	दारयेवहि dārayevahi	दारयेमहि dārayemahi
Subjunctive
Third	दारयात् / दारयाति dārayāt / dārayāti	दारयातः dārayātaḥ	दारयान् dārayān	दारयाते / दारयातै dārayāte / dārayātai	दारयैते dārayaite	दारयन्त / दारयान्तै dārayanta / dārayāntai
Second	दारयाः / दारयासि dārayāḥ / dārayāsi	दारयाथः dārayāthaḥ	दारयाथ dārayātha	दारयासे / दारयासै dārayāse / dārayāsai	दारयैथे dārayaithe	दारयाध्वै dārayādhvai
First	दारयाणि dārayāṇi	दारयाव dārayāva	दारयाम dārayāma	दारयै dārayai	दारयावहै dārayāvahai	दारयामहै dārayāmahai
Participles
	दारयत् dārayat			दारयमाण / दारयाण² dārayamāṇa / dārayāṇa²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀭𑀁𑀢 (dāraṃta), 𑀤𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀅 (dāria)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindi: दारना (dārnā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Assamese: দাৰা (dara)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Sindhi:
    Sindhi: 𑋉𑋠𑋙𑋌𑋣 (ḍ̠āraṇu)
    
    Sindhi: ॾारणु (ḍ̠āraṇu)
    
    Sindhi: ڏارَڻُ (ḍ̠āraṇu)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: દારવું (dārvũ)

References

^ Monier Williams (1899), “दारयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 492.
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dārayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 360

[1] Monier Williams (1899), “दारयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 492.

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dārayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 360

[1]

[2]