तोरण
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘝𑘻𑘨𑘜 (toraṇa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡 (toraṇa), from Sanskrit तोरण (toraṇa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪o.ɾəɳ/
- Hyphenation: तो‧रण
- Rhymes: -əɳ
Noun
- (architecture) a torana; an arch, arched doorway; lintel
- (by extension) a garland made of flowers (traditionally marigold) and mango leaves hung over the house's front door on festive occasions.
Declension
| Declension of तोरण (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
तोरण toraṇ | ||
| direct plural |
तोरणे, तोरणं torṇe, torṇa | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
तोरण toraṇ |
तोरणे, तोरणं torṇe, torṇa | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
तोरणा torṇā |
तोरणां- torṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
तोरणाला torṇālā |
तोरणांना torṇānnā | |
| ergative | तोरणाने, तोरणानं torṇāne, torṇāna |
तोरणांनी torṇānnī | |
| instrumental | तोरणाशी torṇāśī |
तोरणांशी torṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
तोरणात torṇāt |
तोरणांत torṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
तोरणा torṇā |
तोरणांनो torṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of तोरण (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
तोरणाचा torṇāċā |
तोरणाचे torṇāċe |
तोरणाची torṇācī |
तोरणाच्या torṇācā |
तोरणाचे, तोरणाचं torṇāċe, torṇāċa |
तोरणाची torṇācī |
तोरणाच्या torṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
तोरणांचा torṇānċā |
तोरणांचे torṇānċe |
तोरणांची torṇāñcī |
तोरणांच्या torṇāncā |
तोरणांचे, तोरणांचं torṇānċe, torṇānċa |
तोरणांची torṇāñcī |
तोरणांच्या torṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
More information
- ^ Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “तोरण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- ^ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “तोरण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- ^ दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “तोरण”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Further reading
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “तोरण”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তোৰণ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᭀᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
- তোরণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰺𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- တောရဏ (Burmese script)
- તોરણ (Gujarati script)
- ਤੋਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍋𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦺꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂷𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ತೋರಣ (Kannada script)
- តោរណ (Khmer script)
- ໂຕຣຓ (Lao script)
- തോരണ (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠣᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘻𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠣᠸᠠᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧜𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑑀𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
- ତୋରଣ (Odia script)
- ꢡꣂꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆾𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖺𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
- තොරණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩕𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚴𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
- தோரண (Tamil script)
- తోరణ (Telugu script)
- โตรณ (Thai script)
- ཏོ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒼𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨆𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Probably related to प्रतोली (pratolī, “a broad way, principal road”), with further origin unclear.
Kölver derives the word from an unattested *अतिवलन (*ativalana), from वल् (val, “to turn round”), from which a pseudo-root *तोल् (*tol) / *तुल् (*tul) was presumably extracted and used to build तोरण, as well as तोलिका (tolikā, “a wall around a watchtower”) and प्रतोली.
Probably not related to the Mediterranean Kulturworts Ancient Greek τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Latin turris (“tower”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɐw.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪oː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
Noun
तोरण • (toraṇa) stem, n
- (architecture) a torana; an arch, arched doorway, portal, festooned decorations over doorways (with boughs of trees, garlands, etc.)
- a mound near a bathing place
- a triangle supporting a large balance
- the neck
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तोरणम् (toraṇam) | तोरणे (toraṇe) | तोरणानि (toraṇāni) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
| accusative | तोरणम् (toraṇam) | तोरणे (toraṇe) | तोरणानि (toraṇāni) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
| instrumental | तोरणेन (toraṇena) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणैः (toraṇaiḥ) तोरणेभिः¹ (toraṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तोरणाय (toraṇāya) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणेभ्यः (toraṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तोरणात् (toraṇāt) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणेभ्यः (toraṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तोरणस्य (toraṇasya) | तोरणयोः (toraṇayoḥ) | तोरणानाम् (toraṇānām) |
| locative | तोरणे (toraṇe) | तोरणयोः (toraṇayoḥ) | तोरणेषु (toraṇeṣu) |
| vocative | तोरण (toraṇa) | तोरणे (toraṇe) | तोरणानि (toraṇāni) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
तोरण • (toraṇa) m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तोरणः (toraṇaḥ) | तोरणौ (toraṇau) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
तोरणाः (toraṇāḥ) तोरणासः¹ (toraṇāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | तोरणम् (toraṇam) | तोरणौ (toraṇau) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
तोरणान् (toraṇān) |
| instrumental | तोरणेन (toraṇena) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणैः (toraṇaiḥ) तोरणेभिः¹ (toraṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तोरणाय (toraṇāya) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणेभ्यः (toraṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तोरणात् (toraṇāt) | तोरणाभ्याम् (toraṇābhyām) | तोरणेभ्यः (toraṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तोरणस्य (toraṇasya) | तोरणयोः (toraṇayoḥ) | तोरणानाम् (toraṇānām) |
| locative | तोरणे (toraṇe) | तोरणयोः (toraṇayoḥ) | तोरणेषु (toraṇeṣu) |
| vocative | तोरण (toraṇa) | तोरणौ (toraṇau) तोरणा¹ (toraṇā¹) |
तोरणाः (toraṇāḥ) तोरणासः¹ (toraṇāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Prakrit:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡 (toraṇa)
- Old Marathi: 𑘝𑘻𑘨𑘜 (toraṇa)
- Marathi: तोरण (toraṇ)
- Old Marathi: 𑘝𑘻𑘨𑘜 (toraṇa)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡 (toraṇa)
- → Catalan: tòrana
- → English: toran
- → German: Torana
- → Korean: 토라나 (torana)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “तोरण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 456/1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “toraṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 254-5
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 528