तरस्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তৰস্ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬭᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- তরস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰨𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀭𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- တရသ် (Burmese script)
- તરસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਤਰਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑌰𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦫꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂩𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ತರಸ್ (Kannada script)
- តរស៑ (Khmer script)
- ຕຣສ຺ (Lao script)
- തരസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘨𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠠᠷᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧈𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐬𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ତରସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢬꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆫𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖨𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- තරස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩼𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚤𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- தரஸ் (Tamil script)
- తరస్ (Telugu script)
- ตรสฺ (Thai script)
- ཏ་ར་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒩𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨫𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass through; traverse; swim; sail”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): (noun) /t̪ɐ́.ɾɐs̪/, (adjective) /t̪ɐ.ɾɐ́s̪/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɐ.ɾɐs̪/
Noun
तर॑स् • (táras) stem, n
- quickness, rapidity, speed, swiftness, velocity; energy, activeness
- a ferry
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.190.7:
- सं यं स्तुभो॒ऽवन॑यो॒ न यन्ति॑ समु॒द्रं न स्र॒वतो॒ रोध॑चक्राः ।
स वि॒द्वाँ उ॒भयं॑ चष्टे अ॒न्तर्बृह॒स्पति॒स्तर॒ आप॑श्च॒ गृध्रः॑ ॥- sáṃ yáṃ stúbhoʼvánayo ná yánti samudráṃ ná sraváto ródhacakrāḥ.
sá vidvā́m̐ ubháyaṃ caṣṭe antárbṛ́haspátistára ā́paśca gṛ́dhraḥ. - He to whom songs of praise go forth like torrents, as rivers, rolling between their banks, flow to the ocean; Bṛhaspati the wise, the eager, closely looks upon both, the ferry and the waters.
- sáṃ yáṃ stúbhoʼvánayo ná yánti samudráṃ ná sraváto ródhacakrāḥ.
- सं यं स्तुभो॒ऽवन॑यो॒ न यन्ति॑ समु॒द्रं न स्र॒वतो॒ रोध॑चक्राः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तरः॑ (táraḥ) | तर॑सी (tárasī) | तरां॑सि (tárāṃsi) |
| accusative | तरः॑ (táraḥ) | तर॑सी (tárasī) | तरां॑सि (tárāṃsi) |
| instrumental | तर॑सा (tárasā) | तरो॑भ्याम् (tárobhyām) | तरो॑भिः (tárobhiḥ) |
| dative | तर॑से (tárase) | तरो॑भ्याम् (tárobhyām) | तरो॑भ्यः (tárobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तर॑सः (tárasaḥ) | तरो॑भ्याम् (tárobhyām) | तरो॑भ्यः (tárobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तर॑सः (tárasaḥ) | तर॑सोः (tárasoḥ) | तर॑साम् (tárasām) |
| locative | तर॑सि (tárasi) | तर॑सोः (tárasoḥ) | तरः॑सु (táraḥsu) |
| vocative | तरः॑ (táraḥ) | तर॑सी (tárasī) | तरां॑सि (tárāṃsi) |
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀢𑀭 (tara)
Adjective
त॒रस् • (tarás) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त॒राः (tarā́ḥ) | त॒रसौ॑ (tarásau) त॒रसा॑¹ (tarásā¹) |
त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) त॒राः¹ (tarā́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | त॒रस॑म् (tarásam) त॒राम्¹ (tarā́m¹) |
त॒रसौ॑ (tarásau) त॒रसा॑¹ (tarásā¹) |
त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) त॒राः¹ (tarā́ḥ¹) |
| instrumental | त॒रसा॑ (tarásā) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभिः॑ (taróbhiḥ) |
| dative | त॒रसे॑ (taráse) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभ्यः॑ (taróbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभ्यः॑ (taróbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) | त॒रसोः॑ (tarásoḥ) | त॒रसा॑म् (tarásām) |
| locative | त॒रसि॑ (tarási) | त॒रसोः॑ (tarásoḥ) | त॒रःसु॑ (taráḥsu) |
| vocative | तरः॑ (táraḥ) | तर॑सौ (tárasau) तर॑सा¹ (tárasā¹) |
तर॑सः (tárasaḥ) तराः॑¹ (tárāḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त॒रसी॑ (tarásī) | त॒रस्यौ॑ (tarásyau) त॒रसी॑¹ (tarásī¹) |
त॒रस्यः॑ (tarásyaḥ) त॒रसीः॑¹ (tarásīḥ¹) |
| accusative | त॒रसी॑म् (tarásīm) | त॒रस्यौ॑ (tarásyau) त॒रसी॑¹ (tarásī¹) |
त॒रसीः॑ (tarásīḥ) |
| instrumental | त॒रस्या॑ (tarásyā) | त॒रसी॑भ्याम् (tarásībhyām) | त॒रसी॑भिः (tarásībhiḥ) |
| dative | त॒रस्यै॑ (tarásyai) | त॒रसी॑भ्याम् (tarásībhyām) | त॒रसी॑भ्यः (tarásībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त॒रस्याः॑ (tarásyāḥ) त॒रस्यै॑² (tarásyai²) |
त॒रसी॑भ्याम् (tarásībhyām) | त॒रसी॑भ्यः (tarásībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त॒रस्याः॑ (tarásyāḥ) त॒रस्यै॑² (tarásyai²) |
त॒रस्योः॑ (tarásyoḥ) | त॒रसी॑नाम् (tarásīnām) |
| locative | त॒रस्या॑म् (tarásyām) | त॒रस्योः॑ (tarásyoḥ) | त॒रसी॑षु (tarásīṣu) |
| vocative | तर॑सि (tárasi) | तर॑स्यौ (tárasyau) तर॑सी¹ (tárasī¹) |
तर॑स्यः (tárasyaḥ) तर॑सीः¹ (tárasīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | त॒रः (taráḥ) | त॒रसी॑ (tarásī) | त॒रांसि॑ (tarā́ṃsi) |
| accusative | त॒रः (taráḥ) | त॒रसी॑ (tarásī) | त॒रांसि॑ (tarā́ṃsi) |
| instrumental | त॒रसा॑ (tarásā) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभिः॑ (taróbhiḥ) |
| dative | त॒रसे॑ (taráse) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभ्यः॑ (taróbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) | त॒रोभ्या॑म् (taróbhyām) | त॒रोभ्यः॑ (taróbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | त॒रसः॑ (tarásaḥ) | त॒रसोः॑ (tarásoḥ) | त॒रसा॑म् (tarásām) |
| locative | त॒रसि॑ (tarási) | त॒रसोः॑ (tarásoḥ) | त॒रःसु॑ (taráḥsu) |
| vocative | तरः॑ (táraḥ) | तर॑सी (tárasī) | तरां॑सि (tárāṃsi) |
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “तरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 439, column 1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “taras”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “तरस्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 763
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “तरस्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 107
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “taras”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 324