जीव
See also: जैव
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीउ (jīu) and जी (jī).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒiːʋ/
Noun
जीव • (jīv) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | जीव jīv |
जीव jīv |
| oblique | जीव jīv |
जीवों jīvõ |
| vocative | जीव jīv |
जीवो jīvo |
Derived terms
- जीवकोष (jīvkoṣ)
- जीवरसायन (jīvarsāyan)
- जीवविज्ञान (jīvvijñān, “biology”)
- जीवविज्ञानी (jīvvijñānī, “biologist”)
- जीवसाधन (jīvsādhan)
- जीवहत्या (jīvhatyā)
- जीवहिंसा (jīvhinsā)
- जीवाणु (jīvāṇu, “microbe”)
Related terms
- सजीव (sajīv)
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “जीव”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1770
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “जीव”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 246
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “जीव”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 375
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “जीव”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 240.
Konkani
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीवु (jīvu).
Noun
जीव • (jīv) m (Latin script ?, Kannada script ಜೀವ)
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Related to जीवन (jīvan, “life”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʑiʋ/, [d͡ʑiːʋ]
Noun
जीव • (jīv) m
- life
- Synonym: प्राण (prāṇ)
- त्याचा जीव धोक्यात आहे! ― tyācā jīv dhokyāt āhe! ― His life is in danger!
Declension
| Declension of जीव (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
जीव jīv | ||
| direct plural |
जीव jīv | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
जीव jīv |
जीव jīv | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
जीवा jīvā |
जीवां- jīvān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
जीवाला jīvālā |
जीवांना jīvānnā | |
| ergative | जीवाने, जीवानं jīvāne, jīvāna |
जीवांनी jīvānnī | |
| instrumental | जीवाशी jīvāśī |
जीवांशी jīvānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
जीवात jīvāt |
जीवांत jīvāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
जीवा jīvā |
जीवांनो jīvānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of जीव (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
जीवाचा jīvāċā |
जीवाचे jīvāċe |
जीवाची jīvācī |
जीवाच्या jīvācā |
जीवाचे, जीवाचं jīvāċe, jīvāċa |
जीवाची jīvācī |
जीवाच्या jīvācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
जीवांचा jīvānċā |
जीवांचे jīvānċe |
जीवांची jīvāñcī |
जीवांच्या jīvāncā |
जीवांचे, जीवांचं jīvānċe, jīvānċa |
जीवांची jīvāñcī |
जीवांच्या jīvāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- जीव देणे (jīv deṇe, “to commit suicide”)
- जीवशास्त्र (jīvśāstra, “biology”)
- जैविक (jaivik, “biological”)
- निर्जीव (nirjīv, “non-living”)
- सजीव (sajīv, “living organism”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “जीव”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
जीव
- Devanagari script form of jīva (“living”)
Declension
Declension table of "जीव" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवो (jīvo) | जीवा (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवे (jīve) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवा (jīvā) |
Declension table of "जीवा" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवा (jīvā) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवाहि (jīvāhi) or जीवाभि (jīvābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवाहि (jīvāhi) or जीवाभि (jīvābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवायं (jīvāyaṃ) | जीवासु (jīvāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीवे (jīve) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
Declension table of "जीव" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
Noun
जीव m or n
- Devanagari script form of jīva (“life”)
Declension
Declension table of "जीव" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
When masculine, the nominative, vocative and accusative are instead:
Declension table of "जीव" (masculine)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জীৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬷᬯ (Balinese script)
- জীব (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰱𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ဇီဝ (Burmese script)
- જીવ (Gujarati script)
- ਜੀਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑍀𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦷꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂲𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಜೀವ (Kannada script)
- ជីវ (Khmer script)
- ຊີວ (Lao script)
- ജീവ (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᡳᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘲𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠢᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧓𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐷𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଜୀଵ (Odia script)
- ꢙꢷꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆵𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖱𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ජීව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩑𑩛𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚯𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஜீவ (Tamil script)
- జీవ (Telugu script)
- ชีว (Thai script)
- ཛཱི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒲𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨁𑨊𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰiHwás (“alive”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).[1]
Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬬𐬀 (jva), Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /jīva/), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Latin vīvus, Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ), Bulgarian жив (živ), Russian жив (živ), Old English cwic (whence English quick).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑiː.ʋɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d͡ʑiː.ʋɐ/
Adjective
जी॒व • (jīvá) stem
- alive, living
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.78.9:
- दश मासाञ्छशयानः कुमारो अधि मातरि ।
निरैतु जीवो अक्षतो जीवो जीवन्त्या अधि ॥- daśa māsāñchaśayānaḥ kumāro adhi mātari.
niraitu jīvo akṣato jīvo jīvantyā adhi. - The child who hath for ten months' time been lying in his mother's womb,
May he come forth alive, unharmed, yea, living from the living dame.
- daśa māsāñchaśayānaḥ kumāro adhi mātari.
- दश मासाञ्छशयानः कुमारो अधि मातरि ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जी॒वः (jīváḥ) | जी॒वौ (jīváu) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
जी॒वाः (jīvā́ḥ) जी॒वासः॑¹ (jīvā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वौ (jīváu) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
जी॒वान् (jīvā́n) |
| instrumental | जी॒वेन॑ (jīvéna) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वैः (jīváiḥ) जी॒वेभिः॑¹ (jīvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जी॒वाय॑ (jīvā́ya) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जी॒वात् (jīvā́t) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जी॒वस्य॑ (jīvásya) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वाना॑म् (jīvā́nām) |
| locative | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वेषु॑ (jīvéṣu) |
| vocative | जीव॑ (jī́va) | जीवौ॑ (jī́vau) जीवा॑¹ (jī́vā¹) |
जीवाः॑ (jī́vāḥ) जीवा॑सः¹ (jī́vāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जी॒वा (jīvā́) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वाः (jīvā́ḥ) |
| accusative | जी॒वाम् (jīvā́m) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वाः (jīvā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | जी॒वया॑ (jīváyā) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वाभिः॑ (jīvā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | जी॒वायै॑ (jīvā́yai) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वाभ्यः॑ (jīvā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जी॒वायाः॑ (jīvā́yāḥ) जी॒वायै॑² (jīvā́yai²) |
जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वाभ्यः॑ (jīvā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जी॒वायाः॑ (jīvā́yāḥ) जी॒वायै॑² (jīvā́yai²) |
जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वाना॑म् (jīvā́nām) |
| locative | जी॒वाया॑म् (jīvā́yām) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वासु॑ (jīvā́su) |
| vocative | जीवे॑ (jī́ve) | जीवे॑ (jī́ve) | जीवाः॑ (jī́vāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वानि॑ (jīvā́ni) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
| accusative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वानि॑ (jīvā́ni) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
| instrumental | जी॒वेन॑ (jīvéna) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वैः (jīváiḥ) जी॒वेभिः॑¹ (jīvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जी॒वाय॑ (jīvā́ya) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जी॒वात् (jīvā́t) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जी॒वस्य॑ (jīvásya) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वाना॑म् (jīvā́nām) |
| locative | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वेषु॑ (jīvéṣu) |
| vocative | जीव॑ (jī́va) | जीवे॑ (jī́ve) | जीवा॑नि (jī́vāni) जीवा॑¹ (jī́vā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
जी॒व • (jīvá) stem, m or n
- life, existence
- any living being, anything living
- the principle of life, the vital breath
- m (a name of) बृहस्पति
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जी॒वः (jīváḥ) | जी॒वौ (jīváu) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
जी॒वाः (jīvā́ḥ) जी॒वासः॑¹ (jīvā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वौ (jīváu) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
जी॒वान् (jīvā́n) |
| instrumental | जी॒वेन॑ (jīvéna) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वैः (jīváiḥ) जी॒वेभिः॑¹ (jīvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जी॒वाय॑ (jīvā́ya) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जी॒वात् (jīvā́t) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जी॒वस्य॑ (jīvásya) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वाना॑म् (jīvā́nām) |
| locative | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वेषु॑ (jīvéṣu) |
| vocative | जीव॑ (jī́va) | जीवौ॑ (jī́vau) जीवा॑¹ (jī́vā¹) |
जीवाः॑ (jī́vāḥ) जीवा॑सः¹ (jī́vāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वानि॑ (jīvā́ni) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
| accusative | जी॒वम् (jīvám) | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वानि॑ (jīvā́ni) जी॒वा¹ (jīvā́¹) |
| instrumental | जी॒वेन॑ (jīvéna) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वैः (jīváiḥ) जी॒वेभिः॑¹ (jīvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जी॒वाय॑ (jīvā́ya) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जी॒वात् (jīvā́t) | जी॒वाभ्या॑म् (jīvā́bhyām) | जी॒वेभ्यः॑ (jīvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जी॒वस्य॑ (jīvásya) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वाना॑म् (jīvā́nām) |
| locative | जी॒वे (jīvé) | जी॒वयोः॑ (jīváyoḥ) | जी॒वेषु॑ (jīvéṣu) |
| vocative | जीव॑ (jī́va) | जीवे॑ (jī́ve) | जीवा॑नि (jī́vāni) जीवा॑¹ (jī́vā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: زُو (zuv)
- Pali: जीव (jīva) (see there for further descendants)
- Prakrit: जीव (jīva) (see there for further descendants)
- → Assamese: জীৱ (ziw)
- → Bengali: জীব (jib)
- → Burmese: ဇီဝ (jiwa.)
- → Gujarati: જીવ (jīv)
- → Hindi: जीव (jīv)
- → Kannada: ಜೀವ (jīva)
- → Konkani: जीव (jīv)
- → Malay: jiwa
- → Tagalog: diwa
- → Marathi: जीव (jīv)
- → Punjabi: ਜੀਵ (jīv)
- → Old Javanese: jīwa
- → Telugu: జీవము (jīvamu)
- → Thai: ชีว- (chiiu-), ชีว (chii-wá)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “jīvá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 594
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “जीव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 422, column 2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jīvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press