जीरक

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জীৰক (Assamese script)
ᬚᬷᬭᬓ (Balinese script)
জীরক (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰱𑰨𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ဇီရက (Burmese script)
જીરક (Gujarati script)
ਜੀਰਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑍀𑌰𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦷꦫꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂲𑂩𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಜೀರಕ (Kannada script)
ជីរក (Khmer script)
ຊີຣກ (Lao script)
ജീരക (Malayalam script)
ᡯᡳᡳᡵᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘲𑘨𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠽᠢᠢᠷᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧓𑧈𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐷𑐬𑐎 (Newa script)
ଜୀରକ (Odia script)
ꢙꢷꢬꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆵𑆫𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖱𑖨𑖎 (Siddham script)
ජීරක (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩑𑩛𑩼𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚯𑚤𑚊 (Takri script)
ஜீரக (Tamil script)
జీరక (Telugu script)
ชีรก (Thai script)
ཛཱི་ར་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒲𑒩𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨁𑨊𑨫𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Traditionally considered a nominal formation related to जॄ (jṝ, “to grow old”), presumably to the dusty and "old" nature and coloration of cumin,^[1] though this appears to be folk etymology. More likely borrowed from some Iranian language; compare modern Persian (zira, “caraway; cumin”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑíː.ɾɐ.kɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑiː.ɾɐ.kɐ/

Noun

जीर॑क • (jī́raka) stem, m ^[1]

cumin

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जीरक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जीरकः (jīrakaḥ)	जीरकौ (jīrakau) जीरका¹ (jīrakā¹)	जीरकाः (jīrakāḥ) जीरकासः¹ (jīrakāsaḥ¹)
accusative	जीरकम् (jīrakam)	जीरकौ (jīrakau) जीरका¹ (jīrakā¹)	जीरकान् (jīrakān)
instrumental	जीरकेण (jīrakeṇa)	जीरकाभ्याम् (jīrakābhyām)	जीरकैः (jīrakaiḥ) जीरकेभिः¹ (jīrakebhiḥ¹)
dative	जीरकाय (jīrakāya)	जीरकाभ्याम् (jīrakābhyām)	जीरकेभ्यः (jīrakebhyaḥ)
ablative	जीरकात् (jīrakāt)	जीरकाभ्याम् (jīrakābhyām)	जीरकेभ्यः (jīrakebhyaḥ)
genitive	जीरकस्य (jīrakasya)	जीरकयोः (jīrakayoḥ)	जीरकाणाम् (jīrakāṇām)
locative	जीरके (jīrake)	जीरकयोः (jīrakayoḥ)	जीरकेषु (jīrakeṣu)
vocative	जीरक (jīraka)	जीरकौ (jīrakau) जीरका¹ (jīrakā¹)	जीरकाः (jīrakāḥ) जीरकासः¹ (jīrakāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Related terms

जीरण (jīraṇa)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: زیُرُ (zyuru)
Pali: jīraka
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀬 (jīraya)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀕 (jīraga)
    - Hindi: जीरा (jīrā)
      - → English: jeera
      - → Swahili: jira
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: জীৰা (zira)
    - Bengali: জিরা (jira)
    - Bihari: जीरा (jīrā)
      - Maithili: जीर (jīr)
    - Odia: ଜୀରା (jirā)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: जिरो (jiro)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: जिरो (jiro)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: jīrā, jīrī
        Gurmukhi script: ਜੀਰਾ, ਜੀਰੀ
        
        Shahmukhi script: جِیرَا, جِیرِی
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: jīro|, jīrī
        Arabic script: جِيرو (jīro), جِيرِي (jīrī)
        
        Devanagari script: जीरो, जीरी
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ދިރި (diri)
    - Sinhalese: දුරු (duru)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Kannada: ಜೀರಿಗೆ (jīrige)
    - Marathi: जिरे (jire)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: જીરું (jīrũ)

Borrowed terms

→ Malayalam: ജീരകം (jīrakaṁ)
→ Tamil: ஜீரகம் (jīrakam), சீரகம் (cīrakam)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), “jī́rakaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 438
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “jīraka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 211