जागर्ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জাগৰ্তি (Assamese script)
ᬚᬵᬕᬃᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
জাগর্তি (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဇာဂရ်္တိ (Burmese script)
જાગર્તિ (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਗਰ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦴꦒꦂꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂰𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಜಾಗರ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
ជាគត៌ិ (Khmer script)
ຊາຄຣ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
ജാഗര്തി (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᡵᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘰𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᠺᠠᠷᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଜାଗର୍ତି (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢔꢬ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ජාගර්‍ති (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩛𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚭𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஜாக³ர்தி (Tamil script)
జాగర్తి (Telugu script)
ชาครฺติ (Thai script)
ཛཱ་ག་རྟི (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨊𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

The present verb developed from the perfect जागार (jāgā́ra), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ge-h₁gór-e, from *h₁ger- (“to be awake, to awaken”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fra-γrārayeⁱti), Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to awaken”), Middle Persian wygrʼd (wiγrād) (whence Modern Persian (bidâr, “awake”)).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɡɐ́ɾ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɡɐɾ.t̪i/

Verb

जा॒गर्ति॑ • (jāgárti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, present, root जागृ)

present of जागृ (jāgṛ)
Synonym: बोधति (bodhati)

Conjugation

Present: जा॒गर्ति॑ (jāgárti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जा॒गर्ति॑ jāgárti	जा॒गृ॒तः jāgṛtáḥ	जाग्र॑ति jā́grati	- -	- -	- -
Second	जा॒गर्षि॑ jāgárṣi	जा॒गृ॒थः jāgṛtháḥ	जा॒गृ॒थ jāgṛthá	- -	- -	- -
First	जा॒गर्मि॑ / जागृमि² jāgármi / jāgṛmi²	जा॒गृ॒वः jāgṛváḥ	जा॒गृ॒मः / जा॒गृ॒मसि॑¹ jāgṛmáḥ / jāgṛmási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	जा॒गर्तु॑ jāgártu	जा॒गृ॒ताम् jāgṛtā́m	जाग्र॑तु jā́gratu	- -	- -	- -
Second	जा॒गृ॒हि jāgṛhí	जा॒गृ॒तम् jāgṛtám	जा॒गृ॒त jāgṛtá	- -	- -	- -
First	जा॒गरा॑णि jāgárāṇi	जा॒गरा॑व jāgárāva	जा॒गरा॑म jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	जा॒गृ॒यात् jāgṛyā́t	जा॒गृ॒याता॑म् jāgṛyā́tām	जा॒गृ॒युः jāgṛyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	जा॒गृ॒याः jāgṛyā́ḥ	जा॒गृ॒यात॑म् jāgṛyā́tam	जा॒गृ॒यात॑ jāgṛyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	जा॒गृ॒याम् jāgṛyā́m	जा॒गृ॒याव॑ jāgṛyā́va	जा॒गृ॒याम॑ jāgṛyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	जा॒गर॑त् / जा॒गर॑ति jāgárat / jāgárati	जा॒गर॑तः jāgárataḥ	जा॒गर॑न् jāgáran	- -	- -	- -
Second	जा॒गरः॑ / जा॒गर॑सि jāgáraḥ / jāgárasi	जा॒गर॑थः jāgárathaḥ	जा॒गर॑थ jāgáratha	- -	- -	- -
First	जा॒गरा॑णि / जा॒गरा॑ jāgárāṇi / jāgárā	जा॒गरा॑व jāgárāva	जा॒गरा॑म jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	जाग्र॑त् jā́grat			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Epic Sanskrit

Imperfect: अजा॑गः (ájāgaḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजा॑गः ájāgaḥ	अजा॑गृताम् ájāgṛtām	अजा॑ग्रुः ájāgruḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	अजा॑गः ájāgaḥ	अजा॑गृतम् ájāgṛtam	अजा॑गृत ájāgṛta	- -	- -	- -
First	अजा॑गरम् ájāgaram	अजा॑गृव ájāgṛva	अजा॑गृम ájāgṛma	- -	- -	- -

Related terms

जाग्रति (jāgrati)
जागरति (jāgarati)
जागरण (jāgaraṇa)
जागृति (jāgṛti)

Descendants

In descendants, the stem was thematicized based on forms in jāgr- (e.g. third-person plural jāgrati), whence Pali/Prakrit jagga-.

Pali: jaggati
- → Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)
- → Malay: jaga
  - Baba Malay: jaga
  - Indonesian: jaga
  - → Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)
  - → Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)
  - → Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)
  - → Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)
  - → Tausug: jaga
  - → Ternate: jaga
  - → English: jaga
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀇 (jaggaï) (see there for further descendants)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “जागर्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 417, column 1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jāgarti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “JAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 574-575
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 245-246