गोत्र
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গোত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᭀᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- গোত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰺𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဂေါတြ (Burmese script)
- ગોત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਗੋਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦺꦴꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂷𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಗೋತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- គោត្រ (Khmer script)
- ໂຄຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ഗോത്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠣᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘻𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠣᠸᠠᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧜𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑑀𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଗୋତ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢔꣂꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆾𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖺𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ගොත්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩕𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚴𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- கே³ாத்ர (Tamil script)
- గోత్ర (Telugu script)
- โคตฺร (Thai script)
- གོ་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒼𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨆𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Traditionally seen as from गो (go) + त्रै (trai),[1] but the translation "cow stall" might be wrong.[2] See further Proto-Indo-Iranian *gawtrám.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɐwt.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡoːt̪.ɾɐ/
Noun
गो॒त्र • (gotrá) stem, n [1]
- protection or shelter for cows, cow-pen, cow-shed, stable for cattle, stable (in general), hurdle, enclosure RV. (once m. viii, 50, 10)
- ‘family enclosed by the hurdle’, family, race, lineage, kin ChUp. ṠāṅkhṠr. Kauṡ. &c. (a polysyllabic fem. in ई shortens this vowel before गोत्र in comp. [e.g. ब्राह्मणिगोत्रा, ‘a Brahman woman only by descent or name’ Kāṡ.] Pāṇ. 6-3, 43 ff.)
- the family name ĀṡvGṛ. MBh. xiii, 548 VarBṛS.
- name (in general) Ṡak. vi, 5 Ragh. &c.
- (in Gr.) the grandson and his descendants if no older offspring of the same ancestor than this grandson lives (if the son lives the grandson is called युवन्) Pāṇ. 2-4, 63 ; iv, 1, 89 ff. and 162 ff. ; 2, 111 and 3, 80 and 126
- an affix used for forming a patr. L.
- a tribe, subdivision (in the Brahman caste 49 गोत्रs are reckoned and supposed to be sprung from and named after celebrated teachers, as शाण्डिल्य, कश्यप, गौतम, भरद्-वाज, &c.) W.
- a genus, class, species W.
- a multitude L.
- increase L.
- possession L.
- a forest L.
- a field L.
- an umbrella or parasol L.
- knowledge of probabilities L.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गो॒त्रम् (gotrám) | गो॒त्रे (gotré) | गो॒त्राणि॑ (gotrā́ṇi) गो॒त्रा¹ (gotrā́¹) |
| accusative | गो॒त्रम् (gotrám) | गो॒त्रे (gotré) | गो॒त्राणि॑ (gotrā́ṇi) गो॒त्रा¹ (gotrā́¹) |
| instrumental | गो॒त्रेण॑ (gotréṇa) | गो॒त्राभ्या॑म् (gotrā́bhyām) | गो॒त्रैः (gotráiḥ) गो॒त्रेभिः॑¹ (gotrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गो॒त्राय॑ (gotrā́ya) | गो॒त्राभ्या॑म् (gotrā́bhyām) | गो॒त्रेभ्यः॑ (gotrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गो॒त्रात् (gotrā́t) | गो॒त्राभ्या॑म् (gotrā́bhyām) | गो॒त्रेभ्यः॑ (gotrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गो॒त्रस्य॑ (gotrásya) | गो॒त्रयोः॑ (gotráyoḥ) | गो॒त्राणा॑म् (gotrā́ṇām) |
| locative | गो॒त्रे (gotré) | गो॒त्रयोः॑ (gotráyoḥ) | गो॒त्रेषु॑ (gotréṣu) |
| vocative | गोत्र॑ (gótra) | गोत्रे॑ (gótre) | गोत्रा॑णि (gótrāṇi) गोत्रा॑¹ (gótrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: गोत (got), गोता (gotā)
- Urdu: گوت (got), گوتا (gotā)
- Punjabi:
- → Assamese: গোত্ৰ (gütro)
- → Bengali: গোত্র (gōtro)
- → English: gotra
- → Hindi: गोत्र (gotra)
- → Kannada: ಗೋತ್ರ (gōtra)
- → Khmer: គោត្ (koŭt), គោត្រ (kootrɔɔ)
- → Marathi: गोत्र (gotra)
- → Odia: ଗୋତ୍ର (gotra), ଗୁତର୍ (gutar), ଗୋତର (gotara)
- → Tamil: கோத்திரம் (kōttiram), கோசரம் (kōcaram), கத்தரை (kattarai)
- → Telugu: గోత్రము (gōtramu), గోత్రం (gōtraṁ)
- → Thai: โคตร (kôot)
- → Tocharian B: kottär (learned)
Noun
गोत्र • (gotra) stem, m
- a mountain (a meaning probably derived fr. -भिद्) BhP. ii, iii, vi
- a cloud (cf. -भिद्) Naigh. i, 10
- a road L.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गोत्रः (gotraḥ) | गोत्रौ (gotrau) गोत्रा¹ (gotrā¹) |
गोत्राः (gotrāḥ) गोत्रासः¹ (gotrāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | गोत्रम् (gotram) | गोत्रौ (gotrau) गोत्रा¹ (gotrā¹) |
गोत्रान् (gotrān) |
| instrumental | गोत्रेण (gotreṇa) | गोत्राभ्याम् (gotrābhyām) | गोत्रैः (gotraiḥ) गोत्रेभिः¹ (gotrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गोत्राय (gotrāya) | गोत्राभ्याम् (gotrābhyām) | गोत्रेभ्यः (gotrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गोत्रात् (gotrāt) | गोत्राभ्याम् (gotrābhyām) | गोत्रेभ्यः (gotrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गोत्रस्य (gotrasya) | गोत्रयोः (gotrayoḥ) | गोत्राणाम् (gotrāṇām) |
| locative | गोत्रे (gotre) | गोत्रयोः (gotrayoḥ) | गोत्रेषु (gotreṣu) |
| vocative | गोत्र (gotra) | गोत्रौ (gotrau) गोत्रा¹ (gotrā¹) |
गोत्राः (gotrāḥ) गोत्रासः¹ (gotrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Odia: ଗୋଧ୍ର (godhra), କୁଧର (kudhara)
- → Khmer: គោត្រ (kootrɔɔ)
- → Tamil: கோத்திரி (kōttiri)
- → Telugu: గోత్రము (gōtramu), గోత్రం (gōtraṁ)
- → Thai: โคตร (kôot)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Monier Williams (1899), “गोत्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 364, column 3.
- ^ Karen Thomson (2009). "A Still Undeciphered Text, continued: the reply to my critics", The Journal of Indo-European Studies, 37 (1 & 2), page 84 of 59-88. Online at https://www.rigveda.co.uk/asut2.pdf
Further reading
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 497