गाथ
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- गाथा (gāthā́)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গাথ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬵᬣ (Balinese script)
- গাথ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰯𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀸𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- ဂါထ (Burmese script)
- ગાથ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਾਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌾𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦴꦡ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂰𑂟 (Kaithi script)
- ಗಾಥ (Kannada script)
- គាថ (Khmer script)
- ຄາຖ (Lao script)
- ഗാഥ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠ᠊ᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘰𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᢗᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧑𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐵𑐠 (Newa script)
- ଗାଥ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢵꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆳𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖯𑖞 (Siddham script)
- ගාථ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩛𑩬 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚭𑚚 (Takri script)
- க³ாத² (Tamil script)
- గాథ (Telugu script)
- คาถ (Thai script)
- གཱ་ཐ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒰𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨊𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gaHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs”). See also गायति (gā́yati, “to sing”), from the same Proto-Indo-Iranian root.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɑː.tʰɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡɑː.t̪ʰɐ/
Noun
गा॒थ • (gāthá) stem, m
- song
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.167.6:
- आस्थापयन्त युवतिं युवानः शुभे निमिश्लां विदथेषु पज्राम् ।
अर्को यद्वो मरुतो हविष्मान्गायद्गाथं सुतसोमो दुवस्यन् ॥- āsthāpayanta yuvatiṃ yuvānaḥ śubhe nimiślāṃ vidatheṣu pajrām.
arko yadvo maruto haviṣmāngāyadgāthaṃ sutasomo duvasyan. - Upon their car the young men set the Maiden wedded to glory, mighty in assemblies,
When your song, Maruts, rose, and, with oblation, the Soma-pourer sang his hymn in worship.
- āsthāpayanta yuvatiṃ yuvānaḥ śubhe nimiślāṃ vidatheṣu pajrām.
- आस्थापयन्त युवतिं युवानः शुभे निमिश्लां विदथेषु पज्राम् ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गा॒थः (gātháḥ) | गा॒थौ (gātháu) गा॒था¹ (gāthā́¹) |
गा॒थाः (gāthā́ḥ) गा॒थासः॑¹ (gāthā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | गा॒थम् (gāthám) | गा॒थौ (gātháu) गा॒था¹ (gāthā́¹) |
गा॒थान् (gāthā́n) |
| instrumental | गा॒थेन॑ (gāthéna) | गा॒थाभ्या॑म् (gāthā́bhyām) | गा॒थैः (gātháiḥ) गा॒थेभिः॑¹ (gāthébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गा॒थाय॑ (gāthā́ya) | गा॒थाभ्या॑म् (gāthā́bhyām) | गा॒थेभ्यः॑ (gāthébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गा॒थात् (gāthā́t) | गा॒थाभ्या॑म् (gāthā́bhyām) | गा॒थेभ्यः॑ (gāthébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गा॒थस्य॑ (gāthásya) | गा॒थयोः॑ (gātháyoḥ) | गा॒थाना॑म् (gāthā́nām) |
| locative | गा॒थे (gāthé) | गा॒थयोः॑ (gātháyoḥ) | गा॒थेषु॑ (gāthéṣu) |
| vocative | गाथ॑ (gā́tha) | गाथौ॑ (gā́thau) गाथा॑¹ (gā́thā¹) |
गाथाः॑ (gā́thāḥ) गाथा॑सः¹ (gā́thāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “gāthá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 484
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “गाथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0352, column 2.