कर्पूर
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्पूर (karpū́ra).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /kəɾ.puːɾ/, [kɐɾ.puːɾ]
Noun
कर्पूर • (karpūr) m (Urdu spelling کَرْپُور)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | कर्पूर karpūr |
कर्पूर karpūr |
| oblique | कर्पूर karpūr |
कर्पूरों karpūrõ |
| vocative | कर्पूर karpūr |
कर्पूरो karpūro |
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “कर्पूर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “कर्पूर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “कर्पूर”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “कर्पूर”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কৰ্পূৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬃᬧᬹᬭ (Balinese script)
- কর্পূর (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰢𑰳𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀧𑀽𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ကရ်္ပူရ (Burmese script)
- કર્પૂર (Gujarati script)
- ਕਰ੍ਪੂਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌪𑍂𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦂꦥꦹꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂣𑂴𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಕರ್ಪೂರ (Kannada script)
- កប៌ូរ (Khmer script)
- ກຣ຺ປູຣ (Lao script)
- കര്പൂര (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᡵᢒᡠᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘢𑘴𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠷᢒᠤᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑧂𑧕𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐥𑐹𑐬 (Newa script)
- କର୍ପୂର (Odia script)
- ꢒꢬ꣄ꢦꢹꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆥𑆷𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖢𑖳𑖨 (Siddham script)
- කර්පූර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩰𑩒𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚞𑚱𑚤 (Takri script)
- கர்பூர (Tamil script)
- కర్పూర (Telugu script)
- กรฺปูร (Thai script)
- ཀ་རྤཱུ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒣𑒴𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨞𑨃𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ
Proto-Malayic *kapurbor.?
Sanskrit कर्पूर
Probably of Austroasiatic origin.[1] Alternatively a borrowing from Proto-Malayic *kapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ (“lime, calcium”), whence Malay kapur.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.púː.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kɐɾ.puː.ɾɐ/
Noun
क॒र्पूर॑ • (karpū́ra) stem, m or n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | क॒र्पूरः॑ (karpū́raḥ) | क॒र्पूरौ॑ (karpū́rau) क॒र्पूरा॑¹ (karpū́rā¹) |
क॒र्पूराः॑ (karpū́rāḥ) क॒र्पूरा॑सः¹ (karpū́rāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | क॒र्पूर॑म् (karpū́ram) | क॒र्पूरौ॑ (karpū́rau) क॒र्पूरा॑¹ (karpū́rā¹) |
क॒र्पूरा॑न् (karpū́rān) |
| instrumental | क॒र्पूरे॑ण (karpū́reṇa) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरैः॑ (karpū́raiḥ) क॒र्पूरे॑भिः¹ (karpū́rebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | क॒र्पूरा॑य (karpū́rāya) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरे॑भ्यः (karpū́rebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | क॒र्पूरा॑त् (karpū́rāt) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरे॑भ्यः (karpū́rebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | क॒र्पूर॑स्य (karpū́rasya) | क॒र्पूर॑योः (karpū́rayoḥ) | क॒र्पूरा॑णाम् (karpū́rāṇām) |
| locative | क॒र्पूरे॑ (karpū́re) | क॒र्पूर॑योः (karpū́rayoḥ) | क॒र्पूरे॑षु (karpū́reṣu) |
| vocative | कर्पू॑र (kárpūra) | कर्पू॑रौ (kárpūrau) कर्पू॑रा¹ (kárpūrā¹) |
कर्पू॑राः (kárpūrāḥ) कर्पू॑रासः¹ (kárpūrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | क॒र्पूर॑म् (karpū́ram) | क॒र्पूरे॑ (karpū́re) | क॒र्पूरा॑णि (karpū́rāṇi) क॒र्पूरा॑¹ (karpū́rā¹) |
| accusative | क॒र्पूर॑म् (karpū́ram) | क॒र्पूरे॑ (karpū́re) | क॒र्पूरा॑णि (karpū́rāṇi) क॒र्पूरा॑¹ (karpū́rā¹) |
| instrumental | क॒र्पूरे॑ण (karpū́reṇa) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरैः॑ (karpū́raiḥ) क॒र्पूरे॑भिः¹ (karpū́rebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | क॒र्पूरा॑य (karpū́rāya) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरे॑भ्यः (karpū́rebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | क॒र्पूरा॑त् (karpū́rāt) | क॒र्पूरा॑भ्याम् (karpū́rābhyām) | क॒र्पूरे॑भ्यः (karpū́rebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | क॒र्पूर॑स्य (karpū́rasya) | क॒र्पूर॑योः (karpū́rayoḥ) | क॒र्पूरा॑णाम् (karpū́rāṇām) |
| locative | क॒र्पूरे॑ (karpū́re) | क॒र्पूर॑योः (karpū́rayoḥ) | क॒र्पूरे॑षु (karpū́reṣu) |
| vocative | कर्पू॑र (kárpūra) | कर्पू॑रे (kárpūre) | कर्पू॑राणि (kárpūrāṇi) कर्पू॑रा¹ (kárpūrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Inherited
Borrowed
- → Arabic: كَافُور (kāfūr), قَافُور (qāfūr), قَفُّور (qaffūr) — obsolete
- Andalusian Arabic: كافور (al-kāfūr)
- → Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܟܐܦܘܪ, ܩܦܘܪ
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כפורא, כופרא
- → Byzantine Greek: καφουρά f (kaphourá), καφούρα f (kaphoúra), καφούριoν n (kaphoúrion), καφοῦριν n (kaphoûrin)
- Greek: καφουρά (kafourá)
- → Georgian: ქაფური (kapuri)
- → Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: kafûr
- Central Kurdish: کافوور (kafûr)
- Southern Kurdish: کافوور (kafûr)
- → Latin: caphura
- → Catalan: càmfora
- →? Albanian: kamfuri
- → Persian: کافور (kâfur)
- → Middle Armenian: քաֆուր (kʻafur)
- Armenian: քաֆուր (kʻafur)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਫ਼ੂਰ (kāfūr)
- Shahmukhi script: كافور (kāfūr)
- → Middle Armenian: քաֆուր (kʻafur)
- → Turkish: kâfur
- → Assamese: কৰ্পূৰ (korpur) (learned)
- → Bengali: কর্পূর (korpur) (learned)
- → Burmese: ပရုတ် (pa.rut)
- → Old Gujarati: कर्पूरि (karpūri, instrumental singular) (learned)
- Gujarati: કર્પૂર (karpūr)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: कर्पूर (karpūr)
- Urdu: کَرْپُور (karpūr)
- → Kannada: ಕರ್ಪೂರ (karpūra) (learned)
- → Khmer: កប៌ូរ (kaabou) (learned)
- → Maithili: कर्पूर / 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒣𑒴𑒩 (karpūr) (learned)
- → Malayalam: കർപ്പൂരം (kaṟppūraṁ)
- → Manipuri: ꯀꯔꯄꯨꯔ (karapura) (learned)
- → Old Marathi: कर्पुर / 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘢𑘳𑘨 (karpura) (learned)
- Marathi: कर्पूर (karpūr)
- → Odia: କର୍ପୂର (karpura) (learned)
- → Sinhalese: කර්පූර (karpūra) (learned)
- → Tamil: கற்பூரம் (kaṟpūram)
- → Telugu: కర్పూరము (karpūramu)
- → Thai: การบูร (gaa-rá-buun)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “karpūˊra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “कर्पूर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 258.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “karpūra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “कर्पूर”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “कर्पूर”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press