ईष्टे

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

ईशे (ī́śe) — Vedic

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ঈষ্টে (Assamese script)
ᬈᬱ᭄ᬝᬾ (Balinese script)
ঈষ্টে (Bengali script)
𑰃𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀈𑀱𑁆𑀝𑁂 (Brahmi script)
ဤၑ္ဋေ (Burmese script)
ઈષ્ટે (Gujarati script)
ਈਸ਼੍ਟੇ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌈𑌷𑍍𑌟𑍇 (Grantha script)
ꦇꦰ꧀ꦛꦺ (Javanese script)
𑂆𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂵 (Kaithi script)
ಈಷ್ಟೇ (Kannada script)
ឦឞ្ដេ (Khmer script)
ອີຩ຺ເຏ (Lao script)
ഈഷ്ടേ (Malayalam script)
ᡳᡳᢢᢞᡝ (Manchu script)
𑘃𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘹 (Modi script)
ᠢᠢᢔᢌᠧ (Mongolian script)
𑦣𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
𑐃𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐾 (Newa script)
ଈଷ୍ଟେ (Odia script)
ꢅꢰ꣄ꢜꢾ (Saurashtra script)
𑆆𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆼 (Sharada script)
𑖃𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖸 (Siddham script)
ඊෂ‍්ටෙ (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩑𑩛𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩔 (Soyombo script)
𑚃𑚶𑚔𑚲 (Takri script)
ஈஷ்டே (Tamil script)
ఈష్టే (Telugu script)
อีษฺเฏ (Thai script)
ཨཱི་ཥྚེ (Tibetan script)
𑒄𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨁𑨊𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From earlier ईशे (ī́śe), originally a perfect, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHićay, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂e-h₂óyḱe ~ *h₂eh₂iḱḗr, reduplicated stative of *h₂eyḱ- (“to have, own”). Cognate with English own, owe, Danish eje.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /íːʂ.ʈɐj/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /iːʂ.ʈeː/

Verb

ईष्टे॑ • (ī́ṣṭe) third-singular indicative (class 2, type A, root ईश्)

to own, possess
to belong to
to dispose of, be valid or powerful
to be master of (with gen., or Ved. with gen. of an inf., or with a common inf., or the loc. of an abstract noun)
to command
to rule, reign
to behave like a master, allow

Conjugation

Present: ईष्टे॑ (ī́ṣṭe) or ईशे॑ (ī́śe) or ईशिते (īśite)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	ईष्टे॑ / ईशे॑¹ / ईशिते³ ī́ṣṭe / ī́śe¹ / īśite³	ईशा॑ते ī́śāte	ईश॑ते / ईशि॑रे² ī́śate / ī́śire²
Second	- -	- -	- -	ईशि॑षे / ईक्षे॑² ī́śiṣe / ī́kṣe²	ईशा॑थे ī́śāthe	ईशि॑ध्वे ī́śidhve
First	- -	- -	- -	ईशे॑ ī́śe	ईश्व॑हे ī́śvahe	ईश्म॑हे ī́śmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	ईष्टा॑म् ī́ṣṭām	ईशा॑ताम् ī́śātām	ईश॑ताम् ī́śatām
Second	- -	- -	- -	ईशि॑ष्व ī́śiṣva	ईशा॑थाम् ī́śāthām	ईशि॑ध्वम् ī́śidhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	ईशै॑ ī́śai	ईशा॑वहै ī́śāvahai	ईशा॑महै ī́śāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	ईशी॑त ī́śīta	ईशी॑याताम् ī́śīyātām	ईशी॑रन् ī́śīran
Second	- -	- -	- -	ईशी॑थाः ī́śīthāḥ	ईशी॑याथाम् ī́śīyāthām	ईशी॑ध्वम् ī́śīdhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	ईशी॑य ī́śīya	ईशी॑वहि ī́śīvahi	ईशी॑महि ī́śīmahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	ईश॑ते / ईशा॑तै ī́śate / ī́śātai	ईशै॑ते ī́śaite	ईश॑न्त / ईशा॑न्तै ī́śanta / ī́śāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	ईश॑से / ईशा॑सै ī́śase / ī́śāsai	ईशै॑थे ī́śaithe	ईश॑ध्वे / ईशा॑ध्वै ī́śadhve / ī́śādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	ईशै॑ ī́śai	ईशा॑वहै ī́śāvahai	ईशा॑महै ī́śāmahai
Participles
	- -			ईशा॑न / ई॒शा॒न¹ ī́śāna / īśāná¹
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic, ²Rigvedic, ³Shvetashvatara Upanishad

Imperfect: ऐष्ट॑ (áiṣṭa) or ऐश॑ (áiśa)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	ऐष्ट॑ / ऐश॑¹ áiṣṭa / áiśa¹	ऐशा॑ताम् áiśātām	ऐश॑त áiśata
Second	- -	- -	- -	ऐष्ठाः॑ áiṣṭhāḥ	ऐशा॑थाम् áiśāthām	ऐशि॑ध्वम् áiśidhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	ऐशि॑ áiśi	ऐश्व॑हि áiśvahi	ऐश्म॑हि áiśmahi
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899), “ईश्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 171, column 1.
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 223