ईश

See also: ईश्

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ईश (īśa).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /iːʃ/

Noun

ईश • (īś) m

(formal, literary) synonym of ईश्वर (īśvar, “lord, husband, God, deity”)
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भगवान

Declension

Declension of ईश (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	ईश īś	ईश īś
oblique	ईश īś	ईशों īśõ
vocative	ईश īś	ईशो īśo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ईश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 110

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ঈশ (Assamese script)
ᬈᬰ (Balinese script)
ঈশ (Bengali script)
𑰃𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀈𑀰 (Brahmi script)
ဤၐ (Burmese script)
ઈશ (Gujarati script)
ਈਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌈𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦇꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂆𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ಈಶ (Kannada script)
ឦឝ (Khmer script)
ອີຨ (Lao script)
ഈശ (Malayalam script)
ᡳᡳᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘃𑘫 (Modi script)
ᠢᠢᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦣𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐃𑐱 (Newa script)
ଈଶ (Odia script)
ꢅꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆆𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖃𑖫 (Siddham script)
ඊශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩑𑩛𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚃𑚧 (Takri script)
ஈஶ (Tamil script)
ఈశ (Telugu script)
อีศ (Thai script)
ཨཱི་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒄𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨁𑨊𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HiHśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to own; ability, possession”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬁- (aēšā-, “ability, possessions”), Tocharian B aik- (“to know”), and Proto-Germanic *aiganą (Whence English own, Danish eje).

The Sanskrit root is ईश् (īś). See also ईश्वर (īśvará).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /iː.ɕɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /iː.ɕɐ/

Adjective

ई॒श • (īśá) stem

owning, possessing

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ई॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ई॒शः (īśáḥ)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शाः (īśā́ḥ) ई॒शासः॑¹ (īśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ई॒शम् (īśám)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शान् (īśā́n)
instrumental	ई॒शेन॑ (īśéna)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शैः (īśáiḥ) ई॒शेभिः॑¹ (īśébhiḥ¹)
dative	ई॒शाय॑ (īśā́ya)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
ablative	ई॒शात् (īśā́t)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
genitive	ई॒शस्य॑ (īśásya)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शाना॑म् (īśā́nām)
locative	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शेषु॑ (īśéṣu)
vocative	ईश॑ (ī́śa)	ईशौ॑ (ī́śau) ईशा॑¹ (ī́śā¹)	ईशाः॑ (ī́śāḥ) ईशा॑सः¹ (ī́śāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ई॒शा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ई॒शा (īśā́)	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शाः (īśā́ḥ)
accusative	ई॒शाम् (īśā́m)	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शाः (īśā́ḥ)
instrumental	ई॒शया॑ (īśáyā) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शाभिः॑ (īśā́bhiḥ)
dative	ई॒शायै॑ (īśā́yai)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शाभ्यः॑ (īśā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ई॒शायाः॑ (īśā́yāḥ) ई॒शायै॑² (īśā́yai²)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शाभ्यः॑ (īśā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ई॒शायाः॑ (īśā́yāḥ) ई॒शायै॑² (īśā́yai²)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शाना॑म् (īśā́nām)
locative	ई॒शाया॑म् (īśā́yām)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शासु॑ (īśā́su)
vocative	ईशे॑ (ī́śe)	ईशे॑ (ī́śe)	ईशाः॑ (ī́śāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ई॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ई॒शम् (īśám)	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शानि॑ (īśā́ni) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)
accusative	ई॒शम् (īśám)	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शानि॑ (īśā́ni) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)
instrumental	ई॒शेन॑ (īśéna)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शैः (īśáiḥ) ई॒शेभिः॑¹ (īśébhiḥ¹)
dative	ई॒शाय॑ (īśā́ya)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
ablative	ई॒शात् (īśā́t)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
genitive	ई॒शस्य॑ (īśásya)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शाना॑म् (īśā́nām)
locative	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शेषु॑ (īśéṣu)
vocative	ईश॑ (ī́śa)	ईशे॑ (ī́śe)	ईशा॑नि (ī́śāni) ईशा॑¹ (ī́śā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

ई॒श • (īśá) stem, m

lord, master, ruler
one who is a master of anything
a husband
one of the 11 Rudras
the number ‘eleven’ (as there are eleven Rudras)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ई॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ई॒शः (īśáḥ)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शाः (īśā́ḥ) ई॒शासः॑¹ (īśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ई॒शम् (īśám)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शान् (īśā́n)
instrumental	ई॒शेन॑ (īśéna)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शैः (īśáiḥ) ई॒शेभिः॑¹ (īśébhiḥ¹)
dative	ई॒शाय॑ (īśā́ya)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
ablative	ई॒शात् (īśā́t)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
genitive	ई॒शस्य॑ (īśásya)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शाना॑म् (īśā́nām)
locative	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शेषु॑ (īśéṣu)
vocative	ईश॑ (ī́śa)	ईशौ॑ (ī́śau) ईशा॑¹ (ī́śā¹)	ईशाः॑ (ī́śāḥ) ईशा॑सः¹ (ī́śāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

गणेश (gaṇeśa, “Ganesha, son of Shiva”)
गिरीश (girīśa, “mountain-lord, Shiva”)
परमेश (parameśa, “the supreme being”)
सुरेश (sureśa, “a lord of the gods, name of a god, of Indra”)

Proper noun

ईश • (īśa) stem, m

an epithet of Shiva as regent of the north-east quarter
an epithet of Shiva
an epithet of Kubera

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ई॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ई॒शः (īśáḥ)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शाः (īśā́ḥ) ई॒शासः॑¹ (īśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ई॒शम् (īśám)	ई॒शौ (īśáu) ई॒शा¹ (īśā́¹)	ई॒शान् (īśā́n)
instrumental	ई॒शेन॑ (īśéna)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शैः (īśáiḥ) ई॒शेभिः॑¹ (īśébhiḥ¹)
dative	ई॒शाय॑ (īśā́ya)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
ablative	ई॒शात् (īśā́t)	ई॒शाभ्या॑म् (īśā́bhyām)	ई॒शेभ्यः॑ (īśébhyaḥ)
genitive	ई॒शस्य॑ (īśásya)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शाना॑म् (īśā́nām)
locative	ई॒शे (īśé)	ई॒शयोः॑ (īśáyoḥ)	ई॒शेषु॑ (īśéṣu)
vocative	ईश॑ (ī́śa)	ईशौ॑ (ī́śau) ईशा॑¹ (ī́śā¹)	ईशाः॑ (ī́śāḥ) ईशा॑सः¹ (ī́śāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Hindi: ईश (īś)
→ Telugu: ఈశుడు (īśuḍu)
→ Tamil: ஈசன் (īcaṉ)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “ईश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 171.