इतिहास
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ɪ.t̪ɪ.ɦɑːs/, [ɪ.t̪ɪ.ɦäːs]
Noun
इतिहास • (itihās) m (Urdu spelling اتہاس)
- history
- इतिहास के विभाग में पाँच व्याख्याता हैं।
- itihās ke vibhāg mẽ pā̃c vyākhyātā ha͠i.
- There are five lecturers in the history department.
- इतिहास दोहराता है। ― itihās dohrātā hai. ― History repeats [itself].
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | इतिहास itihās |
इतिहास itihās |
| oblique | इतिहास itihās |
इतिहासों itihāsõ |
| vocative | इतिहास itihās |
इतिहासो itihāso |
Related terms
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “इतिहास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa), through Old Marathi 𑘃𑘝𑘲𑘮𑘰𑘭 (itihāsa, “history”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i.t̪i.ɦas/, [i.t̪iːas]
Noun
इतिहास • (itihās) m
- history
- इतिहास हा स्मृतीवर ओझे नसून आत्म्याचा प्रकाश आहे.
- itihās hā smrutīvar ojhe nasūn ātmyācā prakāś āhe.
- History is not a burden on the memory but an illumination of the soul.
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इतिहास (mī) | इतिहासे(itihāse) | ||
| vocative | इतिहासा (i | इतिहासान्नो (āmhī) | 𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘲 | |
| accusative/dative | इतिहासाला (itihāsālā), इतिहासास (itihāsāsa) | इतिहासान्ना(itihāsānnā) , इतिहासांस (itihāsānvsa) | ||
| benefactive | इतिहासासाठी (mājhyāsāṭhī) | 𑘦𑘰𑘖𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘭𑘰𑘙𑘲 | इतिहासांसाठी (itihāsānvsāṭhi) | |
| genitive | इतिहासाचा, इतिहासाची, इतिहासाचे, इतिहासाच्या (itihāsātsā, itihāsāchi, itihāsātse, itihāsāchyā) | इतिहासाचा, इतिहासाची, इतिहासाचे, इतिहासाच्या (itihāsātsā, itihāsāchi, itihāsātse, itihāsāchyā) | ||
| locative
इतिहासात| (māzhyāta) || आमच्यात (āmachyāta) || | ||||
| sociative | इतिहासाशी (mājhyāshī) | 𑘦𑘰𑘖𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘫𑘲 | आमच्याशी (āmachyāshī) | 𑘁𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘫𑘲 |
| instrumental | इतिहासाने (mājhyānē) | 𑘦𑘰𑘖𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘡𑘹 | आमच्याने (āmachyānē) | 𑘁𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘡𑘹 |
| ablative | इतिहासाकडुन (itihāsākaḍuna) | इतिहासांकडुन (itihāsākaḍuna) | ||
Related terms
- ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsik)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “इतिहास”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “इतिहास”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [it̪i(ɦ)äs]
- Phonetic Devanagari: इतिहास्
Noun
इतिहास • (itihās)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
इतिहास m
- Devanagari script form of itihāsa (“history”)
Declension
Declension table of "इतिहास" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | इतिहासो (itihāso) | इतिहासा (itihāsā) |
| Accusative (second) | इतिहासं (itihāsaṃ) | इतिहासे (itihāse) |
| Instrumental (third) | इतिहासेन (itihāsena) | इतिहासेहि (itihāsehi) or इतिहासेभि (itihāsebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | इतिहासस्स (itihāsassa) or इतिहासाय (itihāsāya) or इतिहासत्थं (itihāsatthaṃ) | इतिहासानं (itihāsānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | इतिहासस्मा (itihāsasmā) or इतिहासम्हा (itihāsamhā) or इतिहासा (itihāsā) | इतिहासेहि (itihāsehi) or इतिहासेभि (itihāsebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | इतिहासस्स (itihāsassa) | इतिहासानं (itihāsānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | इतिहासस्मिं (itihāsasmiṃ) or इतिहासम्हि (itihāsamhi) or इतिहासे (itihāse) | इतिहासेसु (itihāsesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | इतिहास (itihāsa) | इतिहासा (itihāsā) |
Sanskrit
FWOTD – 3 August 2022
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ইতিহাস (Assamese script)
- ᬇᬢᬶᬳᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
- ইতিহাস (Bengali script)
- 𑰂𑰝𑰰𑰮𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀇𑀢𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- ဣတိဟာသ (Burmese script)
- ઇતિહાસ (Gujarati script)
- ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌇𑌤𑌿𑌹𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
- ꦆꦠꦶꦲꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
- 𑂅𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
- ಇತಿಹಾಸ (Kannada script)
- ឥតិហាស (Khmer script)
- ອິຕິຫາສ (Lao script)
- ഇതിഹാസ (Malayalam script)
- ᡳᢠᡳᡥᠠ᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘂𑘝𑘱𑘮𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
- ᠢᢐᠢᠾᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦢𑦽𑧒𑧎𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
- ଇତିହାସ (Odia script)
- ꢄꢡꢶꢲꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆅𑆠𑆴𑆲𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
- 𑖂𑖝𑖰𑖮𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
- ඉතිහාස (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩑𑩫𑩑𑪂𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚂𑚙𑚮𑚩𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
- இதிஹாஸ (Tamil script)
- ఇతిహాస (Telugu script)
- อิติหาส (Thai script)
- ཨི་ཏི་ཧཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
- 𑒃𑒞𑒱𑒯𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨁𑨙𑨁𑨱𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From इति (iti, “thus; so; like that”, quotative particle) + ह (ha, intensifying particle) + आस (āsa, “was”, first/third person perfective), from the root अस् (as, “to be”). Literally, "so it has been; it was exactly as narrated."
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /i.ti.ɦɑː.sɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /i.t̪i.ɦɑː.s̪ɐ/
Noun
इ॒ति॒हा॒स • (itihāsá) stem, m
- legend; tradition; traditional account of history; story
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.6.4:
- स॒ बृहतीं॒ दि॒शम् अ॒नु व्य् अ॑चलत् ।
त॒म् इतिहास॒श् च पुराणं॒ च गा॒थाश् च नाराशंसी॒श् चानुव्य॑चलन् ।
इतिहास॒स्य च वै॒ स॒ पुराण॒स्य च गा॒थानां च नाराशंसी॒नां च प्रियं॒ धा॒म भवति य॒ एवं॒ वे॒द ॥- sa bṛ́hátīṃ diśám anú vy acalat.
tam ítíhā́saś cá púrā́ṇaṃ cá gāthā́ś cá nā́rā́śaṃsīś cā́núvyacalan.
ítíhā́sasyá cá vai sa púrā́ṇasyá cá gāthā́nā́ṃ cá nā́rāśaṃsīnā́ṃ cá príyaṃ dhāmá bhávátí ya évaṃ vedá.
- 1905 translation by W. D. Whitney
- He moved out toward the great quarter; after him moved out both the itihāsá ('narrative') and the purāṇá ('stories of eld') and the gā́thās ('songs') and nārāçaṅcī́s ('eulogies'). Verily both of the itihāsá and of the purāṇá and of the gā́thās and of the nārāçaṅcī́s doth he become the dear abode who knoweth thus.
- sa bṛ́hátīṃ diśám anú vy acalat.
- स॒ बृहतीं॒ दि॒शम् अ॒नु व्य् अ॑चलत् ।
- heroic legend; epic
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इ॒ति॒हा॒सः (itihāsáḥ) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सौ (itihāsáu) इ॒ति॒हा॒सा¹ (itihāsā́¹) |
इ॒ति॒हा॒साः (itihāsā́ḥ) इ॒ति॒हा॒सासः॑¹ (itihāsā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | इ॒ति॒हा॒सम् (itihāsám) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सौ (itihāsáu) इ॒ति॒हा॒सा¹ (itihāsā́¹) |
इ॒ति॒हा॒सान् (itihāsā́n) |
| instrumental | इ॒ति॒हा॒सेन॑ (itihāséna) | इ॒ति॒हा॒साभ्या॑म् (itihāsā́bhyām) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सैः (itihāsáiḥ) इ॒ति॒हा॒सेभिः॑¹ (itihāsébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | इ॒ति॒हा॒साय॑ (itihāsā́ya) | इ॒ति॒हा॒साभ्या॑म् (itihāsā́bhyām) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सेभ्यः॑ (itihāsébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | इ॒ति॒हा॒सात् (itihāsā́t) | इ॒ति॒हा॒साभ्या॑म् (itihāsā́bhyām) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सेभ्यः॑ (itihāsébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | इ॒ति॒हा॒सस्य॑ (itihāsásya) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सयोः॑ (itihāsáyoḥ) | इ॒ति॒हा॒साना॑म् (itihāsā́nām) |
| locative | इ॒ति॒हा॒से (itihāsé) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सयोः॑ (itihāsáyoḥ) | इ॒ति॒हा॒सेषु॑ (itihāséṣu) |
| vocative | इति॑हास (ítihāsa) | इति॑हासौ (ítihāsau) इति॑हासा¹ (ítihāsā¹) |
इति॑हासाः (ítihāsāḥ) इति॑हासासः¹ (ítihāsāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsika)
Descendants
- → Sylheti: ꠁꠔꠤꠀꠍ (itiās)
- → Assamese: ইতিহাস (itihax)
- → Bengali: ইতিহাস (itihaś)
- → Gujarati: ઇતિહાસ (itihās)
- → Hindi: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Kannada: ಇತಿಹಾಸ (itihāsa)
- → Khmer: ឥតិហាស (ʼetehaah)
- → Malayalam: ഇതിഹാസം (itihāsaṁ)
- → Marathi: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Nepali: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Newar: इतिहास (itihāsa)
- → Pali: itihāsa
- → Marwari: इतियास (itiyās)
- → Tamil: இதிகாசம் (itikācam)
- → Telugu: ఇతిహాసము (itihāsamu)
- → Urdu: اتہاس (itihās)
- → Vaghri: ઇતિહાસ (itihās) (learned)
References
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “इतिहासः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 382
- “इतिहास॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 74, column 1.
- Monier Williams (1899), “Iti-hâsa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 165/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 189
