अष्टम
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অষ্টম (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝᬫ (Balinese script)
- অষ্টম (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- အၑ္ဋမ (Burmese script)
- અષ્ટમ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਸ਼੍ਟਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦰ꧀ꦛꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಷ್ಟಮ (Kannada script)
- អឞ្ដម (Khmer script)
- ອຩ຺ຏມ (Lao script)
- അഷ്ടമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢢᢞᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢔᢌᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଅଷ୍ଟମ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢰ꣄ꢜꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖦 (Siddham script)
- අෂ්ටම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚶𑚔𑚢 (Takri script)
- அஷ்டம (Tamil script)
- అష్టమ (Telugu script)
- อษฺฏม (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཥྚ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
| 80[a], [b] | ||
| ← 7 | ८ 8 |
9 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: अष्ट (aṣṭa) Ordinal: अष्टम (aṣṭama) Multiplier: अष्टधा (aṣṭadhā) | ||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aštamás; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aštəma), Persian هشتم (haštom), Ossetian ӕстӕм (æstæm).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ/
Adjective
अ॒ष्ट॒म • (aṣṭamá) stem
- eighth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.114.9:
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
कमृत्विजाम्अष्टमं शूरमाहुर्हरी इन्द्रस्य नि चिकाय कः स्वित् ॥- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda.
kamṛtvijāmaṣṭamaṃ śūramāhurharī indrasya ni cikāya kaḥ svit. - What sage hath learned the metres' application? Who hath gained Vāk, the spirit's aim and object?
Which ministering priest is called the eighth Hero? Who then hath tracked the two Bay Steeds of Indra?
- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda.
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अ॒ष्ट॒मः (aṣṭamáḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒मौ (aṣṭamáu) अ॒ष्ट॒मा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
अ॒ष्ट॒माः (aṣṭamā́ḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒मासः॑¹ (aṣṭamā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | अ॒ष्ट॒मम् (aṣṭamám) | अ॒ष्ट॒मौ (aṣṭamáu) अ॒ष्ट॒मा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
अ॒ष्ट॒मान् (aṣṭamā́n) |
| instrumental | अ॒ष्ट॒मेन॑ (aṣṭaména) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मैः (aṣṭamáiḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒मेभिः॑¹ (aṣṭamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अ॒ष्ट॒माय॑ (aṣṭamā́ya) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अ॒ष्ट॒मात् (aṣṭamā́t) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अ॒ष्ट॒मस्य॑ (aṣṭamásya) | अ॒ष्ट॒मयोः॑ (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒माना॑म् (aṣṭamā́nām) |
| locative | अ॒ष्ट॒मे (aṣṭamé) | अ॒ष्ट॒मयोः॑ (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेषु॑ (aṣṭaméṣu) |
| vocative | अष्ट॑म (áṣṭama) | अष्ट॑मौ (áṣṭamau) अष्ट॑मा¹ (áṣṭamā¹) |
अष्ट॑माः (áṣṭamāḥ) अष्ट॑मासः¹ (áṣṭamāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अ॒ष्ट॒मी (aṣṭamī́) | अ॒ष्ट॒म्यौ॑ (aṣṭamyàu) अ॒ष्ट॒मी¹ (aṣṭamī́¹) |
अ॒ष्ट॒म्यः॑ (aṣṭamyàḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒मीः¹ (aṣṭamī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | अ॒ष्ट॒मीम् (aṣṭamī́m) | अ॒ष्ट॒म्यौ॑ (aṣṭamyàu) अ॒ष्ट॒मी¹ (aṣṭamī́¹) |
अ॒ष्ट॒मीः (aṣṭamī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | अ॒ष्ट॒म्या (aṣṭamyā́) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamī́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीभिः॑ (aṣṭamī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अ॒ष्ट॒म्यै (aṣṭamyái) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamī́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अ॒ष्ट॒म्याः (aṣṭamyā́ḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒म्यै² (aṣṭamyái²) |
अ॒ष्ट॒मीभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamī́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अ॒ष्ट॒म्याः (aṣṭamyā́ḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒म्यै² (aṣṭamyái²) |
अ॒ष्ट॒म्योः (aṣṭamyóḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीना॑म् (aṣṭamī́nām) |
| locative | अ॒ष्ट॒म्याम् (aṣṭamyā́m) | अ॒ष्ट॒म्योः (aṣṭamyóḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒मीषु॑ (aṣṭamī́ṣu) |
| vocative | अष्ट॑मि (áṣṭami) | अष्ट॑म्यौ (áṣṭamyau) अष्ट॑मी¹ (áṣṭamī¹) |
अष्ट॑म्यः (áṣṭamyaḥ) अष्ट॑मीः¹ (áṣṭamīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अ॒ष्ट॒मम् (aṣṭamám) | अ॒ष्ट॒मे (aṣṭamé) | अ॒ष्ट॒मानि॑ (aṣṭamā́ni) अ॒ष्ट॒मा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
| accusative | अ॒ष्ट॒मम् (aṣṭamám) | अ॒ष्ट॒मे (aṣṭamé) | अ॒ष्ट॒मानि॑ (aṣṭamā́ni) अ॒ष्ट॒मा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
| instrumental | अ॒ष्ट॒मेन॑ (aṣṭaména) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मैः (aṣṭamáiḥ) अ॒ष्ट॒मेभिः॑¹ (aṣṭamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अ॒ष्ट॒माय॑ (aṣṭamā́ya) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अ॒ष्ट॒मात् (aṣṭamā́t) | अ॒ष्ट॒माभ्या॑म् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेभ्यः॑ (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अ॒ष्ट॒मस्य॑ (aṣṭamásya) | अ॒ष्ट॒मयोः॑ (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒माना॑म् (aṣṭamā́nām) |
| locative | अ॒ष्ट॒मे (aṣṭamé) | अ॒ष्ट॒मयोः॑ (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अ॒ष्ट॒मेषु॑ (aṣṭaméṣu) |
| vocative | अष्ट॑म (áṣṭama) | अष्ट॑मे (áṣṭame) | अष्ट॑मानि (áṣṭamāni) अष्ट॑मा¹ (áṣṭamā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨛𐨨 (aṭhama)
- Pali: aṭṭhama
- → Burmese: အဋ္ဌမ (athta.ma.)
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀫 (aṭṭhama)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: आठौं (āṭha͠u)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Punjabi: ਅੱਠਵਾਂ (aṭṭhavā̃)
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Arabic script: اٺون (āṭhõ)
- Devanagari script: अठों
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- → Bengali: অষ্টম (ośṭom)
- → Kannada: ಅಷ್ಟಮ (aṣṭama)
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “अष्टम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899), “अष्टम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “aṣṭamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 41