अवकाश

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अवकाश (avakāśa).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /əʋ.kɑːʃ/, [ɐʋ.käːʃ]

Noun

अवकाश • (avkāś) m (Urdu spelling اوکاش)

leisure, leave, free time
Synonym: फ़ुर्सत (fursat)

Declension

Declension of *अवकाश* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	अवकाश avkāś	अवकाश avkāś
oblique	अवकाश avkāś	अवकाशों avkāśõ
vocative	अवकाश avkāś	अवकाशो avkāśo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “अवकाश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa

Sanskrit अव (ava)

Sanskrit अव- (ava-)

Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-

Sanskrit काश् (kāś)

Sanskrit काश (kāśa)

Sanskrit अवकाश (avakāśa)bor.

Old Marathi 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (avakāśa)

Marathi अवकाश

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (avakāśa), borrowed from Sanskrit अवकाश (avakāśa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əʋ.kaɕ/
Hyphenation: अव‧काश
Rhymes: -aɕ

Noun

अवकाश • (avkāś) m

time remaining (for something); space of time
सूर्योदय व्हायला अजून अवकाश आहे.
sūryoday vhāylā ajūn avkāś āhe.
There is still time remaining for sunrise.
leisure time
(sciences) interval, space, room
(astronomy) outer space
Synonyms: अंतराळ (antrāḷ), अंतरिक्ष (antrikṣa)

Declension

Declension of अवकाश (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	अवकाश avkāś
direct plural	अवकाश avkāś
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अवकाश avkāś	अवकाश avkāś
oblique सामान्यरूप	अवकाशा avkāśā	अवकाशां- avkāśān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अवकाशाला avkāśālā	अवकाशांना avkāśānnā
ergative	अवकाशाने, अवकाशानं avkāśāne, avkāśāna	अवकाशांनी avkāśānnī
instrumental	अवकाशाशी avkāśāśī	अवकाशांशी avkāśānśī
locative सप्तमी	अवकाशात avkāśāt	अवकाशांत avkāśāt
vocative संबोधन	अवकाशा avkāśā	अवकाशांनो avkāśānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अवकाश (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अवकाशाचा avkāśāċā	अवकाशाचे avkāśāċe	अवकाशाची avkāśācī	अवकाशाच्या avkāśācā	अवकाशाचे, अवकाशाचं avkāśāċe, avkāśāċa	अवकाशाची avkāśācī	अवकाशाच्या avkāśācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अवकाशांचा avkāśānċā	अवकाशांचे avkāśānċe	अवकाशांची avkāśāñcī	अवकाशांच्या avkāśāncā	अवकाशांचे, अवकाशांचं avkāśānċe, avkāśānċa	अवकाशांची avkāśāñcī	अवकाशांच्या avkāśāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “अवकाश”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “अवकाश”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “अवकाश”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Old Marathi

Noun

अवकाश (avakāśa) m

Devanagari form of 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (avakāśa)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

অৱকাশ (Assamese script)
ᬅᬯᬓᬵᬰ (Balinese script)
অবকাশ (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰪𑰎𑰯𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀯𑀓𑀸𑀰 (Brahmi script)
အဝကာၐ (Burmese script)
અવકાશ (Gujarati script)
ਅਵਕਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌅𑌵𑌕𑌾𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦮꦏꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂃𑂫𑂍𑂰𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ಅವಕಾಶ (Kannada script)
អវកាឝ (Khmer script)
ອວກາຨ (Lao script)
അവകാശ (Malayalam script)
ᠠᠸᠠᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (Modi script)
ᠠᠸᠠᢉᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦠𑧊𑦮𑧑𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐰𑐎𑐵𑐱 (Newa script)
ଅଵକାଶ (Odia script)
ꢂꢮꢒꢵꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆮𑆑𑆳𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖪𑖎𑖯𑖫 (Siddham script)
අවකාශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩾𑩜𑩛𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚀𑚦𑚊𑚭𑚧 (Takri script)
அவகாஶ (Tamil script)
అవకాశ (Telugu script)
อวกาศ (Thai script)
ཨ་ཝ་ཀཱ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒫𑒏𑒰𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨭𑨋𑨊𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

अव- (ava-) +‎ काश (kāśa).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʋɐ.kɑː.ɕɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʋɐ.kɑː.ɕɐ/

Noun

अवकाश • (avakāśa) stem, m

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अवकाश
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अवकाशः (avakāśaḥ)	अवकाशौ (avakāśau) अवकाशा¹ (avakāśā¹)	अवकाशाः (avakāśāḥ) अवकाशासः¹ (avakāśāsaḥ¹)
accusative	अवकाशम् (avakāśam)	अवकाशौ (avakāśau) अवकाशा¹ (avakāśā¹)	अवकाशान् (avakāśān)
instrumental	अवकाशेन (avakāśena)	अवकाशाभ्याम् (avakāśābhyām)	अवकाशैः (avakāśaiḥ) अवकाशेभिः¹ (avakāśebhiḥ¹)
dative	अवकाशाय (avakāśāya)	अवकाशाभ्याम् (avakāśābhyām)	अवकाशेभ्यः (avakāśebhyaḥ)
ablative	अवकाशात् (avakāśāt)	अवकाशाभ्याम् (avakāśābhyām)	अवकाशेभ्यः (avakāśebhyaḥ)
genitive	अवकाशस्य (avakāśasya)	अवकाशयोः (avakāśayoḥ)	अवकाशानाम् (avakāśānām)
locative	अवकाशे (avakāśe)	अवकाशयोः (avakāśayoḥ)	अवकाशेषु (avakāśeṣu)
vocative	अवकाश (avakāśa)	अवकाशौ (avakāśau) अवकाशा¹ (avakāśā¹)	अवकाशाः (avakāśāḥ) अवकाशासः¹ (avakāśāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Bengali: অবকাশ (obokaś)
→ Hindi: अवकाश (avkāś)
→ Khmer: អវកាស (ʼaʼvĕəʼkaah)
→ Lao: ອະວະກາດ (ʼa wa kāt)
→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (avakāśa), 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘭 (avakāsa)
- Marathi: अवकाश (avkāś)
→ Pali: okāsa
→ Tamil: அவகாசம் (avakācam)
→ Telugu: అవకాశము (avakāśamu)
→ Thai: อวกาศ (à-wá-gàat)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “अवकाश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 96/2.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “अवकाश”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press