پیر
Baluchi
Adjective
پیر • (pír)
Central Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /piːɾ/
Adjective
| Northern Kurdish | pîr |
|---|
پیر (pîr)
- old (of living things)
Derived terms
Gilaki
Noun
پیر (pe:r)
Persian
| Dari | پیر |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | пир |
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐬞𐬌𐬭 (pyl /pīr/, “old, aged, ancient”), from Proto-Iranian *paru- (“ash-gray, pale gray, hoary”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás (“gray”); compare Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa, “spotted, rough”) and English pale.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈpiːr/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [pʰiːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [pʰiːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [pʰiɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | pīr |
| Dari reading? | pīr |
| Iranian reading? | pir |
| Tajik reading? | pir |
- Rhymes: -iːr
Adjective
پیر • (pir) (comparative پیرتَر, superlative پیرتَرین)
- old, aged (of living things; see also قدیمی (qadimi) for non-living things)
- Synonyms: (more respectful) مُسِن (mosen, “elderly”), (more formal) سالخورده (sâl-xorde, “senior”), کُهَنسال (kohan-sâl, “very old, centenarian”)
- آموزگارِ پیر ― âmuzgâr-e pir ― aged teacher
- درختِ پیر ― deraxt-e pir ― old tree
Usage notes
When used with the words مرد (mard, “man”) and زن (zan, “woman”), پیر (pir) usually precedes them and forms compounds:
which are more common than مردِ پیر (mard-e pir) and زنِ پیر (zan-e pir)
Inflection
| bare | پیر (pir) |
|---|---|
| ezâfe | پیر (pir-e) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
پیری (pir-i) |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (“I am, we are”) |
پیرم (piram) | پیریم (pirim) |
| 2nd person (“you are”) |
پیری (piri) | پیرید، پیرین△ (pirid, pirin△) |
| 3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) |
پیر است، پیره△ (pir ast, pire△) | پیرند، پیرن△ (pirand, piran△) |
△ Colloquial.
Derived terms
Noun
پیر • (pir)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: pir
- → Bengali: পীর (pīr)
- → English: pir
- → Saraiki: پیر (pīr)
- → Sylheti: ꠙꠤꠞ (fir)
- → Urdu: پیر (pīr)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Herati) IPA(key): /piˈjæɾ/
Noun
پیر • (piyar)
References
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 172
Punjabi
Etymology 1
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀬 (paya) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀭- (-ra-).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /pɛːɾ/
Noun
پَیر • (pair) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੈਰ)[2][3]
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | پَیر (pair) | پَیر (pair) |
| oblique | پَیر (pair) | پَیراں (pairāṉ) |
| vocative | پَیرا (pairā) | پَیرو (pairo) |
| ablative | پَیروں (pairoṉ) | — |
| locative | پَیرے (paire) | پَیرِیں (pairīṉ) |
| instrumental | پَیروں (pairoṉ) | – |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian پِیر (pīr), or borrowed from Urdu پِیر (pīr). Borrowed from Classical Persian پِیر (pīr). Etymology 2 sense 3 is a semantic loan from Urdu پِیر (pīr, “Monday”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /piːɾ/
Noun
پِیر • (pīr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਪੀਰ)[4][5]
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | پِیر (pīr) | پِیر (pīr) |
| oblique | پِیر (pīr) | پِیراں (pīrāṉ) |
| vocative | پِیرا (pīrā) | پِیرو (pīro) |
| ablative | پِیروں (pīroṉ) | — |
| locative | پِیرے (pīre) | پِیرِیں (pīrīṉ) |
| instrumental | پِیروں (pīroṉ) | – |
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “padara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “پَیر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- ^ “ਪੈਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
- ^ Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “پِیر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- ^ “ਪੀਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
Further reading
- Bashir, Kanwal (2012), “پیر”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
Saraiki
Etymology 1
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀬 (paya) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀭- (-ra-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /peːɾ/
Noun
پیر (per) m
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian پیر (pīr, “old”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /piːɾ/
Noun
پِیر (pīr) m
Urdu
Etymology 1
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀬 (paya) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀭- (-ra-).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /pɛːɾ/
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -ɛːɾ
Noun
پَیر • (pair) m (Hindi spelling पैर)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | پَیر (pair) | پَیر (pair) |
| oblique | پَیر (pair) | پَیروں (pairõ) |
| vocative | پَیر (pair) | پَیرو (pairo) |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian پِیر (pīr).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /piːɾ/
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -iːɾ
Noun
پِیر • (pīr) m (Hindi spelling पीर)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | پِیر (pīr) | پِیر (pīr) |
| oblique | پِیر (pīr) | پِیروں (pīrõ) |
| vocative | پِیر (pīr) | پِیرو (pīro) |
Descendants
- → Gujarati: પીર (pīr) (semantic loan)
- → Pashto: پیر (payr) (semantic loan)
- → Punjabi: (semantic loan)
- Gurmukhi script: ਪੀਰ (pīr)
- Shahmukhi script: پِیر (pīr)
See also
| Days of the week in Urdu · ہَفْتے کے دِن (hafte ke din) (layout · text) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| پِیر (pīr), سومْوَار (somvār) | مَن٘گَل (maṅgal) | بُدھ (budh) | جُمِعْرات (jumi'rāt) | جُمْعَہ (jum'a) | سَنِیچَر (sanīcar), ہَفْتَہ (hafta), شَنْبَہ (śanba) | اِتْوَار (itvār) |
References
- “پیر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*padara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 438
Ushojo
Noun
پیر (per)