قرباچ

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

قرباج (kırbac)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïrmač (“whip, lash”), possibly from *kïr- (“to break”). The suffix may be cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (-maç) with onomatopoeic change to imitate a cracking whip.^[1] Cognate with Azerbaijani qırmanc, qırmac.

Noun

قرباچ • (kırbaç) (definite accusative قرباچی (kırbaçı), plural قرباچلر (kırbaçlar))

whip, lash, a pliant, flexible instrument used to direct and herd animals, or to strike a person as a punishment
Synonyms: تازیانه (taziyane), سوط (savt), قامچی (kamçı)
- 1895 March 9, caption in Servet-i Fünun, page 20:
  هندستانده عصیان ایدن اهالی‌یی انكلیزلرك قرباج ایله تادیب ایتملرك
  hindistanda isyan eden ahaliyi ingilizlerin kırbac ile tedib etmeleri
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
riding crop, horsewhip, quirt, any short type of whip without a lash used in horseriding to goad or direct a horse
Synonym: سوط (savt)

Derived terms

قرباچ یمك (kırbaç yemek, “to be whipped, flogged”)
قرباچلامق (kırbaçlamak, “to whip, flog”)
قرباچلانمق (kırbaçlanmak, “to be whipped, flogged”)

Descendants

Turkish: kırbaç
→ Albanian: kërbaç
→ Arabic: كِرْبَاج (kirbāj), كُرْبَاج (kurbāj)
- → English: kurbash
- → Tigre: ክርባጅ (kərbaǧ)
- → English: kurbash
→ Armenian: խըռպաճ (xəṙpač), կըռբաջ (kəṙbaǰ)
→ Belarusian: карба́ч (karbáč)
→ Czech: karabáč
→ German: Karbatsche
- → French: cravache
  - → Italian: cravascia (semi-learned), → cravache (unadapted)
→ French: courbache
- → Italian: curbascio (semi-learned)
→ Hungarian: korbács
- → Polish: korbacz, karbacz
- → Slovak: korbáč
→ Romanian: gârbaci
→ Russian: карба́ч (karbáč)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: kòrbāč, krbač, grbač

Cyrillic script: ко̀рба̄ч, крбач, грбач
→ Spanish: corbacho
→ Ukrainian: карба́ч (karbáč)

References

^ “kurbash”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “قرباج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 506
Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “kırbaç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2617
Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “قرباچ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 360a
Kélékian, Diran (1911), “قرباج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 953
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Flagellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 587
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “قرباچ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3662
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kırbaç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قرباچ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1444

[1] “kurbash”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[1]