شطرنج

Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)
Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.
Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.
Arabic شطرنج

    Borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

    Noun

    شِطْرَنْج or شَطْرَنْج • (šiṭranj or šaṭranj) m

    1. shatranj
    2. chess

    Declension

    Declension of noun شِطْرَنْج (šiṭranj)‎; شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج
    šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj     		الشِّطْرَنْج‎; الشَّطْرَنْج
    aš-šiṭranj‎; aš-šaṭranj     		شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج
    šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj
    nominative شِطْرَنْجٌ‎; شَطْرَنْجٌ
    šiṭranjun‎; šaṭranjun     		الشِّطْرَنْجُ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجُ
    aš-šiṭranju‎; aš-šaṭranju     		شِطْرَنْجُ‎; شَطْرَنْجُ
    šiṭranju‎; šaṭranju
    accusative شِطْرَنْجًا‎; شَطْرَنْجًا
    šiṭranjan‎; šaṭranjan     		الشِّطْرَنْجَ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجَ
    aš-šiṭranja‎; aš-šaṭranja     		شِطْرَنْجَ‎; شَطْرَنْجَ
    šiṭranja‎; šaṭranja
    genitive شِطْرَنْجٍ‎; شَطْرَنْجٍ
    šiṭranjin‎; šaṭranjin     		الشِّطْرَنْجِ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجِ
    aš-šiṭranji‎; aš-šaṭranji     		شِطْرَنْجِ‎; شَطْرَنْجِ
    šiṭranji‎; šaṭranji

    Descendants

    North Levantine Arabic

    Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
    Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
    Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)
    Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.
    Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
    Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.
    Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
    North Levantine Arabic شطرنج

      Inherited from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”). Hyperforeignized to French phonology by some speakers.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ʃa.tˤa.ranʒ/ [ʃɑ.tˤɑ.ˈɾɑnʒ]
      • (hyperforeign) IPA(key): /ʃa.ta.rõːʒ/ [ʃa.ta.ˈɾɒ̃ːʒ]

      Noun

      شطرنج • (šaṭaranj, šatarō̃j) m

      1. chess

      Persian

      Alternative forms

      • شترنج (šatranj), اشترنج (eštranj), اشترنگ (eštrang), شترنگ (šatrang), چترنگ (čatrang), سترنگ (satrang), سطرنج (satranj), شفطرنج (šafatranj)

      Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
      Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
      Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
      Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)
      Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.
      Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
      Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.
      Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)bor.
      Persian شطرنج

        Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

        Pronunciation

         

        Readings
        Classical reading? šatranj
        Dari reading? šatranj
        Iranian reading? šatranj
        Tajik reading? šatranj

        Noun

        شطرنج • (šatranj) (Tajik spelling шатранҷ)

        1. shatranj
        2. chess
          بازیِ شَطْرَنْج ― bâzi-ye šatranj ― a game of chess

        See also

        Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
        شاه (šâh) وزیر (vazir),
        فرزین (farzin)         		رخ (rox),
        قلعه (qal'e)         		فیل (fil) اسب (asb) پیاده (piyâde),
        سرباز (sarbâz)

        Punjabi

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        شَطرَنج • (śat̤ranj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ)

        1. chess
        2. shatranj

        Declension

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        2=śat̤ranj
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        Declension of شطرنج
        singular plural
        direct شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj) شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)
        oblique شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj) شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ)
        vocative شَطرَنجا (śat̤ranjā) شَطرَنجو (śat̤ranjo)
        ablative شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ) —
        locative شَطرَنجے (śat̤ranje) شَطرَنجِیں (śat̤ranjīṉ)
        instrumental شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ) –

        Synonyms

        References

        • “ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026

        South Levantine Arabic

        Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
        Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
        Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
        Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)
        Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.
        Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
        Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.
        Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
        South Levantine Arabic شطرنج

          Inherited from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /ʃatˤ.ranʒ/, [ʃɑtˤˈrˤɑnʒ]
          • Audio (Ramallah):(file)

          Noun

          شطرنج • (šaṭranj) m

          1. chess

          See also

          Chess pieces in South Levantine Arabic · قطع الشطرنج (ʔuṭaʕ iš-šaṭranj) (layout · text)
          ملك (malik) ملكة (malike) قلعة (ʔalʕa) وزير (wazīr) حصان (ḥsān) جندي (jundi)

          Urdu

          Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres
          Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras
          Sanskrit चतुर् (catúr)
          Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
          Sanskrit अङ्ग (áṅga)
          Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga)bor.
          Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/)
          Classical Persian چَتْرَنگbor.
          Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)bor.
          Classical Persian شَطْرَنْج (šatranj)bor.
          Urdu شطرنج

            Borrowed from Classical Persian شَطْرَنْج (šatranj), borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj), borrowed from Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ, from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), borrowed from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), from चतुर् (catúr, “four”) + अङ्ग (áṅga, “limb, member”).

            Pronunciation

            Noun

            شَطْرَنْج • (śatranj) f (Hindi spelling शतरंज)

            1. shatranj
            2. chess
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