ریش

See also: ريش, رئس, and ریس

Kashmiri

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ریش (rīš).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [reːʃ]

Noun

ریش • (rēś) m (Devanagari रेश)

  1. beard
    Synonym: دٲر (dạ̄r)

Derived terms

References

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

    Borrowed from Persian ریش (riš, “beard”).

    Noun

    ریش • (riş)

    1. beard, facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck
      Synonym: صقال (sakal)

    Etymology 2

      Borrowed from Persian ریش (riš, “wound”).

      Noun

      ریش • (riş)

      1. wound, sore

      Etymology 3

        Borrowed from Arabic رِيش (rīš, “feathering, plumage”).

        Noun

        ریش • (riş) (plural ریاش)

        1. (zoology) plumage, feathering
        2. chattel property
        3. means of subsistence
        4. finery

        Further reading

        Persian

        یک مرد با ریش کوتاه ― A man with a short beard

        Etymology 1

        Derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (lyš /⁠rēš⁠/, “beard”), probably from Proto-Iranian *xraiša-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreyso-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kre-i-s-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).[1]

        Pronunciation

         

        Readings
        Classical reading? rēš, rīš
        Dari reading? rīš
        Iranian reading? riš
        Tajik reading? riš

        Noun

        ریش • (rīš, rēš / riš) (plural ریش‌ها (rīš-hā, rēš-hā / riš-hâ), Tajik spelling риш)

        1. beard
          • c. 16th–17th century, Baha al-Din al-Amili, “شمارهٔ ۱ [šumāra-yi 1]”, in دیوان اشعار [dēwān-i aš'ār]‎[5]:
            شانه عاج ار نبود بهر ریش
            شانه توان کرد به انگشت خویش
            šāna-yi āj ar nabuwad bahr-i rēš
            šāna tawān kard ba angušt-i xwēš
            If there is no ivory comb for one's beard,
            It can be combed with one's own fingers.
        Inflection
        Basic forms of ریش
        singular plural
        bare ریش (riš) ریش‌ها، ریشا△ (riš-hấ, rišấ△)
        definitive direct object ریش را، ریش رو△ (riš râ, rišo△) ریش‌ها را، ریشا رو△ (riš-hấ râ, rišấ ro△)
        ezâfe ریش (riš-e) ریش‌های، ریشای△ (riš-hấ-ye, rišấ-ye△)
        marked indefinite
        or relative definite         		ریشی (riš-i) ریش‌هایی، ریشایی△ (rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i, rišấi△)

        △ Colloquial.

        Possessive forms of ریش
        singular plural
        1st person singular
        (“my”)         		ریشم (rišam) ریش‌هایم، ریش‌هام، ریشام△ (riš-hấyam, rišấm△)
        2nd person singular
        (“your”)         		ریشت (rišat, rišet△) ریش‌هایت، ریش‌هات، ریشات△ (riš-hấyat, rišất△)
        3rd person singular
        (“his, her, its”)         		ریشش (rišaš, rišeš△) ریش‌هایش، ریش‌هاش، ریشاش△ (riš-hấyaš, rišấš△)
        1st person plural
        (“our”)         		ریشمان، ریشمون△ (rišemân, rišemun△) ریش‌هایمان، ریش‌هامون، ریشامون△ (riš-hấyemân, rišấmun△)
        2nd person plural
        (“your”)         		ریشتان، ریشتون△ (rišetân, rišetun△) ریش‌هایتان، ریش‌هاتون، ریشاتون△ (riš-hấyetân, rišấtun△)
        3rd person plural
        (“their”)         		ریششان، ریششون△ (rišešân, rišešun△) ریش‌هایشان، ریش‌هاشون، ریشاشون△ (riš-hấyešân, rišấšun△)

        △ Colloquial.

        Etymology 2

        Inherited from Middle Persian lyš (rēš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rayšás (“injury, wound”) from the root *rayš- (“to be wounded, hurt; to suffer injury”).[2][3]

        Pronunciation

         

        Readings
        Classical reading? rēš
        Dari reading? rēš
        Iranian reading? riš
        Tajik reading? reš

        Noun

        ریش • (rēš / riš) (plural ریش‌ها (rēš-hā / riš-hâ), Tajik spelling реш)

        1. (Iran or uncommon) wound
          Synonyms: جراحت (jirāhat / jerâhat) (Iran), زخم (zaxm)
        2. scar
        3. ulcer

        References

        1. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 358
        2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309
        3. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 357

        Urdu

        Etymology 1

        Derived from Classical Persian ریش (rīš, “beard”).

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        ریش • (rīš) f (Hindi spelling रीश)

        1. beard
        • ریشائیل (reśāel)

        Etymology 2

        Derived from Classical Persian ریش (rēš, “wound, injury”).

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        ریش • (rēš) m (Hindi spelling रेश)

        1. wound
        2. scar
        3. ulcer
        4. pus
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