хотя

Russian

Etymology

Per Vasmer, probably inherited from Old East Slavic хотѧ (xotę, present active participle of хотѣти (xotěti)). Cognate with Polish chocia.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [xɐˈtʲa]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio (Saint Petersburg):(file)

Conjunction

хотя́ • (xotjá)

  1. although, though (contrasting two clauses)
    Хотя́ произведе́ние бы́ло просты́м, кри́тики хвали́ли его́.Xotjá proizvedénije býlo prostým, krítiki xvalíli jevó.Although the art piece was simple, critics praised it.
    хотя́ быxotjá byeven though; if; at least

Particle

хотя • (xotja)

  1. (archaic) at least (at a lower limit), even, if only
    Synonyms: хоть (xotʹ), хотя́ бы (xotjá by)

Participle

хотя́ • (xotjá)

  1. (rare) present adverbial imperfective participle of хоте́ть (xotétʹ)

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хотя”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress