раковина

Formed from ра́ка (ráka, “old-style casket, chest”) (historical, outdated) +‎ -овина (-ovina). At least the secondary meaning cavity, flaw (if not the word itself) is borrowed from Russian ра́ковина (rákovina).

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakovinɐ]
• IPA^(key): [rɐkoˈvinɐ]

ра́ковина or ракови́на • (rákovina or rakovína) f

1. shell (exoskeleton of mollusca, typically snails, rapana, mussels)

   Synonym: черу́пка (čerúpka)

2. (material science) blister, cavity, blowhole, flaw (formed during the solidification of a melted material, e.g. metal, concrete)

• ра́кла (rákla, “coffer, chest”)

• “раковина”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “раковина”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Inherited from Old East Slavic раковина (rakovina, “mother of pearl”). Per Vasmer, from Proto-Slavic *orky (“shell”) (genitive *orkъve) + *-ina, from Proto-Germanic *arkō (“chest, coffer”), from Latin arca (“chest, coffer, coffin”). Cognate with ра́ка (ráka, “shrine of a saint, originally coffin”), from the same Latin source, and with Slovene rákəv (“coffin, crypt”), Czech rakev (“coffin”), rakvice (“shell”), Slovak rakev (“box”), Polabian rakåí (“box”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakəvʲɪnə]

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ра́ковина • (rákovina) f inan (genitive ра́ковины, nominative plural ра́ковины, genitive plural ра́ковин, diminutive раку́шка or ра́кушка)

1. shell (hard calcareous external covering of mollusks)
2. (anatomy) pinna, auricle, helix (the external ear)
3. sink, washbowl, basin, bowl
4. vesicle
5. bandstand
6. (metallurgy) blister, cavity, bubble, flaw, blowhole

• раку́шка (rakúška)
• умыва́льник (umyválʹnik)
• каверна (kaverna)

• раковинка (rakovinka)
• ракушечник (rakušečnik)

• → Georgian: რაკოვინა (raḳovina)
• → Uzbek: rakovina

From Old Polish *rakovina, ultimately related to Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut, shell”) or from Latin arca (“chest, coffer”), via Old East Slavic and Proto-Slavic. Shares roots with Ukrainian ра́к (rák, “crayfish”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakɔʋenɐ]

ра́ковина • (rákovyna) f inan (genitive ра́ковини, nominative plural ра́ковини, genitive plural ра́ковиен)

1. A shell, seashell.
2. A sink, washbasin.

   Hyponyms: умива́льник (umyválʹnyk, “bathroom washbasin”), ми́йка (mýjka, “kitchen sink”)

   Раковина на кухні забилася. ― Rakovyna na kuxni zabylasja. ― The sink in the kitchen is clogged.

3. (Anatomy, Technical) A natural or formed cavity.

   ушна́ ра́ковина ― ušná rákovyna ― auricle (of the ear)

   раковина у мета́лі ― rakovyna u metáli ― cavity/blowhole in metal

• ракови́нка f (rakovýnka)
• ракови́нний (rakovýnnyj)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “раковина”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2017), “раковина”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (л – мішу́рний), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “раковина”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “раковина”, in English–Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “раковина”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]
• “раковина”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “раковина”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua, Slovnyk.ua]‎^[2]