ки
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"
Dungan
Etymology
Cognate to Mandarin Chinese 客 (kè).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰi²⁴/
Noun
ки • (ki) (I)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Erzya
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ki/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finno-Permic [Finno-Volgaic] *käje. Cognate with Lule Sami kiedja.[1]
Noun
ки • (ki)
- way, road
- паксянь ки ― pakśań ki ― a dirt road
- 1910, Makar Evsevievich Evseviev, Gospoda nashego Iisusa Hrista Svjatoe Evangelie ot Matfeja, Marka, Luki i Ioanna na mordovskom jazyke[2], page 173:
- Кіява мольместэст ве ломань мерьсь Тензэ: Господи! ков Тон иля мольть, мон мельгат молян.
- Kijava moľmestëst ve lomań merś Tenzë: Gospodi! kov Ton iľa molť, mon meľgat moľan.
- As they were walking along the road, a man said to him, “I will follow you wherever you go.”
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (...) |
ки (ki) | кить (kiť) |
| genitive (of ...) |
кинь (kiń) | — |
| dative (to ...) |
кинень (kineń) | — |
| ablative (than ...) |
киде (kide) | — |
| inessive (in ...) |
кисэ (kisë) | — |
| elative (out of ...) |
кистэ (kistë) | — |
| illative (into ...) |
кис (kis) | — |
| prolative (through ...) |
кива (kiva) | — |
| translative (becoming ...) |
кикс (kiks) | — |
| comparative (like ...) |
кишка (kiška) | — |
| abessive (without ...) |
кивтеме (kivteme) | — |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Mordvinic *kij, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *koje. Cognate with Finnish koi, Kildin Sami кӯйй (kūjj).[2]
Noun
ки • (ki)
- moth
- оронть сэвизе ки ― oronť sëvize ki ― the coat was eaten by a moth
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (...) |
ки (ki) | кить (kiť) |
| genitive (of ...) |
кинь (kiń) | — |
| dative (to ...) |
кинень (kineń) | — |
| ablative (than ...) |
киде (kide) | — |
| inessive (in ...) |
кисэ (kisë) | — |
| elative (out of ...) |
кистэ (kistë) | — |
| illative (into ...) |
кис (kis) | — |
| prolative (through ...) |
кива (kiva) | — |
| translative (becoming ...) |
кикс (kiks) | — |
| comparative (like ...) |
кишка (kiška) | — |
| abessive (without ...) |
кивтеме (kivteme) | — |
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov; R. N. Buzakova; M. V. Mosin (1993), “ки”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- ^ ки in Álgu-tietokanta, Kotimaisten kielten keskus
- ^ Keresztes, László (1986), Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial[1], Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.
Ket
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Ketic *ki (“trap”), probably from earlier *kʰiˀkʰ.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]
Noun
ки (kī) n (plural киʼӈ)
- deadfall trap (a type of pressing trap used for hunting wolverines, hares, woodgrouses and polar foxes)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *kʰi (“this”, demonstrative pronoun).[3][4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]
Pronoun
ки (kī)
Usage notes
Etymology 3
Possibly derived from Proto-Yeniseian *kʰipʰʌ (“spin yarn”, infinitive verb), though this word is not listed by VWdJS or CHYD.[5][6]
If the etymology is valid, in turn analyzable as derived from Ket кига (kíka, “spinning yarn, the act of spinning yarn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /¹ki/, [kiˑ˧]
Verb
ки (kī) (action nominal)
References
- ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=391&root=config
- ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397
- ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=393&root=config
- ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 397
- ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=394&root=config
- ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 466
Further reading
- Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 434, 435
- Vajda, Edward J.; Zinn, Marina (2004), Kotorova, Elizaveta G., editor, Морфологический словарь кетского глагола (in Russian), Tomsk: Томского государственного педагогического университет (TGPU), page 160?
- Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 230
Komi-Permyak
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Finnish käsi and Hungarian kéz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈki/, [ˈki]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: ки
Noun
ки • (ki)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ки (ki) | киэз (kiez) | |
| accusative | I* | ки (ki) | киэз (kiez) |
| II* | киӧс (kiös) | киэзӧс (kiezös) | |
| instrumental | киӧн (kiön) | киэзӧн (kiezön) | |
| comitative | кикӧт (kiköt) | киэзкӧт (kiezköt) | |
| caritive | китӧг (kitög) | киэзтӧг (kieztög) | |
| consecutive | кила (kila) | киэзла (kiezla) | |
| genitive | килӧн (kilön) | киэзлӧн (kiezlön) | |
| ablative | килісь (kiliś) | киэзлісь (kiezliś) | |
| dative | килӧ (kilö) | киэзлӧ (kiezlö) | |
| inessive | киын (kiyn) | киэзын (kiezyn) | |
| elative | киись (kiiś) | киэзісь (kieziś) | |
| illative | киӧ (kiö) | киэзӧ (kiezö) | |
| egressive | кисянь (kiśań) | киэзсянь (kiezśań) | |
| approximative | килань (kilań) | киэзлань (kiezlań) | |
| terminative | I | киӧдз (kiödź) | киэзӧдз (kiezödź) |
| II | киви (kivi) | киэзви (kiezvi) | |
| prolative | киӧт (kiöt) | киэзӧт (kiezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
- R. M. Batalova; A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985), Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary][3], Moscow: Русский язык
Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Finnish käsi and Hungarian kéz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈki/, [ˈki]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: ки
Noun
ки • (ki)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ки (ki) | кияс (kijas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ки (ki) | кияс (kijas) |
| II 1 | киӧс (kiös) | киясӧс (kijasös) | |
| instrumental | киӧн (kiön) | киясӧн (kijasön) | |
| comitative | кикӧд (kiköd) | кияскӧд (kijasköd) | |
| caritive | китӧг (kitög) | киястӧг (kijastög) | |
| consecutive | кила (kila) | киясла (kijasla) | |
| genitive | килӧн (kilön) | кияслӧн (kijaslön) | |
| ablative | килысь (kilyś) | кияслысь (kijaslyś) | |
| dative | килы (kily) | кияслы (kijasly) | |
| inessive | киын (kiyn) | киясын (kijasyn) | |
| elative | киысь (kiyś) | киясысь (kijasyś) | |
| illative | киӧ (kiö) | киясӧ (kijasö) | |
| egressive | кисянь (kiśań) | кияссянь (kijasśań) | |
| approximative | килань (kilań) | кияслань (kijaslań) | |
| terminative | киӧдз (kiödź) | киясӧдз (kijasödź) | |
| prolative | I | киӧд (kiöd) | киясӧд (kijasöd) |
| II | киті (kiti) | киясті (kijasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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Coordinate terms
- кок (kok, “leg, foot”)
References
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 92
- N. D. Manova (1994), Учимся говорить по-коми [Learning to speak Komi] (in Russian), Syktyvkar, →ISBN, page 6
- L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 266
Mariupol Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek καί (kaí). Cognates include Greek και (kai).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [cɪ]
- Hyphenation: ки
Conjunction
ки • (ki)
Synonyms
- ти (ti)
References
- T. N. Chernysheva, editor (1859), “ке, ки”, in Греческий глосарий Ф. А. Хартахая [The Greek glossary of F. A. Xartaxay], published 1959
- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006), Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN, page 99
- G. A. Animica; M. P. Galikbarova (2013), Румеку глоса[4], Donetsk, page 4
Moksha
Etymology
Cognate with Erzya ки (ki). This term is to be linked with Eastern Mari кыша (kyša, “footprint”), Finnish keino (“way (of doing something)”). Veršinin thinks that the origin could be the old pronoun *ki (“this”), a correspondence k-/t- then would explain Estonian tee (“road”), Finnish tie (“id.”), Komi туй (tuj, “road; footprints; direction”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ki/
Noun
ки • (ki)
- road, way
- Fenno-Ugrica
- Кантк кить малас и мрдак, Ермил Ерофеич!
- Kantk kiť malas i mrdak, Jermil Jerofejič!
- Carry towards the road and return, Jermil Jerofeič!
- Fenno-Ugrica
- track, footprints
Usage notes
See usage notes at ши (ši).
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ки (ki) | кит (kit) |
| genitive | кинь (kiń) | — |
| dative | кинди (kindi) | — |
| ablative | кида (kida) | — |
| inessive | киса (kisa) | — |
| elative | киста (kista) | — |
| illative | кис (kis) | — |
| prolative | киге (kige) | — |
| comparative | кишка (kiška) | — |
| translative | кикс (kiks) | — |
| abessive | кифтома (kiftoma) | — |
| causative | кинкса (kinksa) | — |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кись (kiś) | китне (kitne) |
| genitive | кить (kiť) | китнень (kitneń) |
| dative | кити (kiti) | китненди (kitnendi) |
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References
- ^ Veršinin, V. I. (2004–2005), Этимологический словарь мордовских (эрзянского и мокшанского) языков [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), Joškar Ola, page 142
Pannonian Rusyn
Etymology
Inherited from Old Slovak ký (“which, what”), from Proto-Slavic *kъjь. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn кый (kŷj) and Czech and Slovak ký. Usage likely influenced by Serbo-Croatian који / koji. Regular use as a pronoun displaced by яки (jaki).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈki]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: ки
Pronoun
ки (ki) m
- (colloquial) only used in ки ци (ki ci) and ки то (ki to)
- ки ци дябол? ― ki ci djabol? ― what the hell is wrong with you?
- ки то чорт? ― ki to čort? ― what the hell is that?
- кого пшамаца? ― koho pšamaca? ― what the hell?
Usage notes
- ки ци (ki ci) and ки то (ki to) are followed by one of бес (bes), дябол (djabol), дюґ (djug), минки (minki), пшамац (pšamac), or чорт (čort) (or кого (koho) followed by these nouns in the genitive), all producing the same semantic meanings as the two fixed phrases.
- Only used in the masculine.
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | virile | nonvirile | ||||
| nominative | ки (ki) | - | - | - | ||||
| genitive | кого (koho) | - | - | - | ||||
| dative | кому (komu) | - | - | - | ||||
| accusative | personal/animal | inanimate | - | - | - | - | ||
| кого (koho) | ки (ki) | |||||||
| instrumental | ким (kim) | - | - | - | ||||
| locative | ким / кому (kim / komu) | - | - | - | ||||
| vocative | ки (ki) | - | - | - | ||||
References
- Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “ки”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
Tajik
Etymology
Inherited from Classical Persian کِه (ki)
Conjunction
ки • (ki) (Persian spelling که)
References
- “ки”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژهجو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2025
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *ki, from Proto-Uralic *käte. Cognates include Eastern Mari кид (kid) and Finnish käsi.
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ки (ki) and Komi-Permyak ки (ki).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈki]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: ки
Noun
ки • (ki)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ки ki |
киос kios |
| accusative | киез kijez |
киосыз kiosyz |
| genitive | килэн kilen |
киослэн kioslen |
| dative | килы kily |
киослы kiosly |
| ablative | килэсь kileś |
киослэсь kiosleś |
| instrumental | киен kijen |
киосын kiosyn |
| abessive | китэк kitek |
киостэк kiostek |
| adverbial | кия kija |
киосъя kiosja |
| inessive | киын kiyn |
киосын kiosyn |
| illative | кие kije |
киосы kiosy |
| elative | киысь kiyś |
киосысь kiosyś |
| egressive | киысьен kiyśjen |
киосысьен kiosyśjen |
| terminative | киозь kioź |
киосозь kiosoź |
| prolative | китӥ kiti |
киосытӥ kiosyti |
| allative | килань kilań |
киослань kioslań |
|
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ки”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 298
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 33
- Yrjö Wichmann; Toivo Emil Uotila (1987), Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 104