град

From Old Ruthenian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɣrat]

• Audio:

  (file)

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, uncountable)

1. (meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm)
   • 1927, Алесь Гародня, На крэсах, Minsk: Выданьне ЦБ Маладняка, page 55:

     Паабапал дарогі гнуліся да зямлі панурныя каласы зьбітага градам жыта.

     Paabapal daróhi hnulisja da zjamli panurnyja kalasy zʹbitaha hradam žyta.

     Beaten by the hail, dusky ears of rye bent toward the ground on both sides of the road.

2. hail (a rapid, intense barrage by a large number of projectiles or other objects)
   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 267:

     Не менш раззлаваны быў маёр, калі апранаўся к абеду: у часе гэтай працэдуры на цёмнаскурага слугу сыпаўся град усялякіх прадметаў, пачынаючы з бота, канчаючы шчоткай для прычэсвання і ўключаючы ўсё, што трапляла пад руку яго гаспадара.

     Nje mjenš razzlavany byw majór, kali apranawsja k abjedu: u časje hetaj pracedury na cjómnaskuraha sluhu sypawsja hrad usjaljakix pradmjetaw, pačynajučy z bóta, kančajučy ščótkaj dlja pryčesvannja i wključajučy wsjo, što trapljala pad ruku jahó haspadara.

     [original: Nor was the Major less exasperated as he dressed for dinner, during which operation the dark servant underwent the pelting of a shower of miscellaneous objects, varying in size from a boot to a hairbrush, and including everything that came within his master’s reach.]

   • 1940 [1826], James Fenimore Cooper, anonymous translator, Апошні з магікан, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Last of the Mohicans, page 96:

     І зноў з лясных гушчараў вырваўся дзікі, люты крык, і свінцовы град засвістаў над галавамі асаджаных;

     I znow z ljasnyx huščaraw vyrvawsja dziki, ljuty kryk, i svincóvy hrad zasvistaw nad halavami asadžanyx;

     [original: Once more the savage yells burst out of the woods, and the leaden hail whistled above the heads of the besieged]

• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1986), “градъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 7 (гляденье – девичество), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 130
• “град”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “град” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

• гр. (gr.) — abbreviation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

град • (grad) m (relational adjective гра́дски, diminutive градче́ or граде́ц)

1. town, city
2. (collective) townsfolk, townspeople

• се́ло n (sélo)

• “град¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “град”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “град¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 270
• “град (селище)”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

град • (grad) m (diminutive граде́ц)

1. hail, hailstorm

• “град²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “град”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “град²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 271
• “град (градушка)”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024

Possibly borrowed from French grade, from Latin gradus.

град • (grad) m

1. (geometry, trigonometry) gradian (unit of angle equal to 0.9 degrees, so that there are 100 gradians in a right angle)

• “град³”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

• гард (gard), драг (drag)

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: град

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.

град • (grad) m (plural градови, relational adjective градски, diminutive гратче or градец, augmentative градиште)

1. city, town

• општина f (opština)
• село n (selo)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

град • (grad) m (uncountable)

1. hail (balls of ice)

• дожд m (dožd)
• снег m (sneg)

• “град” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

• гард (gard), драг (drag)

• градъ (grad) — pre-1918 spelling

• IPA^(key): [ɡrat]
• Rhymes: -at

From Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Cognate with Lithuanian gruodas (Proto-Balto-Slavic *grōda-), Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrādúni, “hail”) and possibly with English grind.

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, uncountable, diminutive гра́дик)

1. (meteorology) hail

   Meronym: гра́дина (grádina)

   Град идёт ― Grad idjót ― It’s hailing.

2. (by extension) deluge, hail, shower (overwhelming flow or barrage of something)

   град пуль ― grad pulʹ ― hail of bullets

• гра́дина f (grádina)

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “град 1”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ), which is a reflex of Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ. Doublet of го́род (górod), which was normally inherited by pleophony. Old Church Slavonic word shows liquid metathesis characteristic of South Slavic area.

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, nominative plural гра́ды, genitive plural гра́дов)

2. (poetic, archaic) town, city, used as a common city name suffix (Волгоград, Калининград, Ленинград)

   стольный град ― stolʹnyj grad ― capital (city) (modern Russian: столи́ца (stolíca))

   Synonym: (regular term) го́род (górod)

Compound words:

• атомгра́д m (atomgrád)
• градонача́льник m anim (gradonačálʹnik)
• градострои́тель m anim (gradostroítelʹ), градострои́тельный (gradostroítelʹnyj)

• го́род (górod)
• -град (-grad)
• граждани́н m anim (graždanín), согра́ждане pl (sográždane)
• загради́ть pf (zagradítʹ), загражда́ть impf (zagraždátʹ), загражде́ние n (zagraždénije)
• награди́ть pf (nagradítʹ), награжда́ть impf (nagraždátʹ), награ́да (nagráda), награжде́ние n (nagraždénije)
• огради́ть pf (ogradítʹ), огражда́ть impf (ograždátʹ), огра́да f (ográda), огражде́ние n (ograždénije)
• прегради́ть pf (pregradítʹ), прегражда́ть impf (pregraždátʹ), прегра́да f (pregráda)

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “град 2”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
  • See also: Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “городить”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

гра̑д m inan (Latin spelling grȃd)

1. city, town

   Град св(ј)етлости ― City of Light (nickname of Paris)

   Село хвали, а у граду живи. ― Speak well of the countryside, but live in the city. (proverb)

   Боље је бити неко у селу него нико у граду. ― It's better to be somebody in a village than nobody in a city. (paraphrased quote by Julius Caesar)

2. fortress, castle
3. (usually after the preposition у) downtown, city centre

• “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâd/

гра̏д m inan (Latin spelling grȁd)

1. hail

   Synonym: ту̏ча

• “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Borrowed from Latin gradus.

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

гра̑д m inan (Latin spelling grȃd)

1. (mathematics) gradian
2. degree (measuring unit in various systems; the more usual and general term is сте̏пе̄н or сту̑пањ)

• “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

From Middle Ukrainian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɦrad]

• Audio:

  (file)

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, nominative plural гра́ди, genitive plural гра́дів)

1. (meteorology) hail

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “град”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “град”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]