вьхе

Old Novgorodian

Alternative forms

въхе (vŭxe)
вохе (voxe) — Late Old Novgorodian

Etymology

First attested in c. 1100–1120. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьśь (from an earlier pre-palatalized form *vьxə < *vixas). Doublet of вьсь (vĭsĭ).

Per Zaliznyak (2004), in вьх- (vĭx-) stem, already in the very early Proto-Novgorodian era there was a replacement of reduced ь > ъ in the position before a syllable with a back vowel (e.g. in въхою (vŭxoju, du. gen.)), while but ь was preserved before a syllable with a front vowel (e.g. in вьхѣхъ (vĭxěxŭ, pl. gen.)). Later, from the second half of the 12th century, morphological leveling occurred and generalized all declensions to въх- (vŭx-) stem.^[1] However, Galinskaya (2015) suggests the existence of a dialectal *vъx- stem in all declensions back in Proto-Slavic.^[2]

Compare toponyms, Middle Russian Вховѣжъ (Vxověž), a village of 1576, which by the end of the 18th century became name of an empty place Russian Вховежи (Vxoveži). They originate from Old Novgorodian given name *Вьховѣде (*Vĭxověde, literally “all-seeing, all-knowing”), the first component of which is вьхе (vĭxe, “all”)^[3]^[4]

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: вь‧хе

Pronoun

вьхе • (vĭxe)^[5]

all, the whole of

Declension

Declension of вьхе (hard pronominal)
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	вьхе vĭxe	въхо vŭxo	въха vŭxa	въха vŭxa	вьхѣ vĭxě		вьхи vĭxi	въха vŭxa	въхꙑ vŭxy
genitive	въхого vŭxogo		въхоѣ vŭxojě	въхою vŭxoju			вьхѣхъ vĭxěxŭ
dative	въхомоу vŭxomu		въхои vŭxoi	вьхѣма vĭxěma			вьхѣмъ vĭxěmŭ
accusative	въхъ vŭxŭ	въхо vŭxo	въхѫ vŭxǫ	въха vŭxa	вьхѣ vĭxě		въхꙑ vŭxy	въха vŭxa	въхꙑ vŭxy
instrumental	вьхѣмь vĭxěmĭ		въхоѭ vŭxojǫ	вьхѣма vĭxěma			вьхѣми vĭxěmi
locative	въхомь vŭxomĭ		въхои vŭxoi	въхою vŭxoju			вьхѣхъ vĭxěxŭ

References

^ DND², §2.15^б page 54‒55
^ Galinskaya (2015)
^ Vasiliev (2012), page 103: “Вховеж”
^ DND², §2.9 page 46
^ DND², page 721