ψέγω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unclear, though apparently of later creation than other Greek terms for the concept of "blame" such as ὄνειδος (óneidos, “blame, criticism”) and μέμφομαι (mémphomai, “to accuse, blame”). Beekes rejects connections with ψῆν (psên, “touch, rub”) and ψό (psó, interjection), and tentatively considers the word Pre-Greek, based on the initial ψ- (ps-).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ψέγω • (pségō)

  1. to blame, chide

Inflection

   Present: ψέγω, ψέγομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ψέγω ψέγεις ψέγει ψέγετον ψέγετον ψέγομεν ψέγετε ψέγουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ψέγω ψέγῃς ψέγῃ ψέγητον ψέγητον ψέγωμεν ψέγητε ψέγωσῐ(ν)
optative ψέγοιμῐ ψέγοις ψέγοι ψέγοιτον ψεγοίτην ψέγοιμεν ψέγοιτε ψέγοιεν
imperative   ψέγε ψεγέτω ψέγετον ψεγέτων   ψέγετε ψεγόντων
middle/passive indicative ψέγομαι ψέγῃ,
ψέγει 		ψέγεται ψέγεσθον ψέγεσθον ψεγόμεθᾰ ψέγεσθε ψέγονται
subjunctive ψέγωμαι ψέγῃ ψέγηται ψέγησθον ψέγησθον ψεγώμεθᾰ ψέγησθε ψέγωνται
optative ψεγοίμην ψέγοιο ψέγοιτο ψέγοισθον ψεγοίσθην ψεγοίμεθᾰ ψέγοισθε ψέγοιντο
imperative   ψέγου ψεγέσθω ψέγεσθον ψεγέσθων   ψέγεσθε ψεγέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ψέγειν ψέγεσθαι
participle m ψέγων ψεγόμενος
f ψέγουσᾰ ψεγομένη
n ψέγον ψεγόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔψεγον, ἐψεγόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔψεγον ἔψεγες ἔψεγε(ν) ἐψέγετον ἐψεγέτην ἐψέγομεν ἐψέγετε ἔψεγον
middle/passive indicative ἐψεγόμην ἐψέγου ἐψέγετο ἐψέγεσθον ἐψεγέσθην ἐψεγόμεθᾰ ἐψέγεσθε ἐψέγοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ψέξω, ψέξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ψέξω ψέξεις ψέξει ψέξετον ψέξετον ψέξομεν ψέξετε ψέξουσῐ(ν)
optative ψέξοιμῐ ψέξοις ψέξοι ψέξοιτον ψεξοίτην ψέξοιμεν ψέξοιτε ψέξοιεν
middle indicative ψέξομαι ψέξῃ,
ψέξει 		ψέξεται ψέξεσθον ψέξεσθον ψεξόμεθᾰ ψέξεσθε ψέξονται
optative ψεξοίμην ψέξοιο ψέξοιτο ψέξοισθον ψεξοίσθην ψεξοίμεθᾰ ψέξοισθε ψέξοιντο
active middle
infinitive ψέξειν ψέξεσθαι
participle m ψέξων ψεξόμενος
f ψέξουσᾰ ψεξομένη
n ψέξον ψεξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔψεξᾰ, ἐψεξᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔψεξᾰ ἔψεξᾰς ἔψεξε(ν) ἐψέξᾰτον ἐψεξᾰ́την ἐψέξᾰμεν ἐψέξᾰτε ἔψεξᾰν
subjunctive ψέξω ψέξῃς ψέξῃ ψέξητον ψέξητον ψέξωμεν ψέξητε ψέξωσῐ(ν)
optative ψέξαιμῐ ψέξειᾰς,
ψέξαις 		ψέξειε(ν),
ψέξαι 		ψέξαιτον ψεξαίτην ψέξαιμεν ψέξαιτε ψέξειᾰν,
ψέξαιεν
imperative   ψέξον ψεξᾰ́τω ψέξᾰτον ψεξᾰ́των   ψέξᾰτε ψεξᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐψεξᾰ́μην ἐψέξω ἐψέξᾰτο ἐψέξᾰσθον ἐψεξᾰ́σθην ἐψεξᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐψέξᾰσθε ἐψέξᾰντο
subjunctive ψέξωμαι ψέξῃ ψέξηται ψέξησθον ψέξησθον ψεξώμεθᾰ ψέξησθε ψέξωνται
optative ψεξαίμην ψέξαιο ψέξαιτο ψέξαισθον ψεξαίσθην ψεξαίμεθᾰ ψέξαισθε ψέξαιντο
imperative   ψέξαι ψεξᾰ́σθω ψέξᾰσθον ψεξᾰ́σθων   ψέξᾰσθε ψεξᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ψέξαι ψέξᾰσθαι
participle m ψέξᾱς ψεξᾰ́μενος
f ψέξᾱσᾰ ψεξᾰμένη
n ψέξᾰν ψεξᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔψεγμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ἔψεγμαι ἔψεξαι ἔψεκται ἔψεχθον ἔψεχθον ἐψέγμεθᾰ ἔψεχθε ἐψέγᾰται
subjunctive ἐψεγμένος ὦ ἐψεγμένος ᾖς ἐψεγμένος ᾖ ἐψεγμένω ἦτον ἐψεγμένω ἦτον ἐψεγμένοι ὦμεν ἐψεγμένοι ἦτε ἐψεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐψεγμένος εἴην ἐψεγμένος εἴης ἐψεγμένος εἴη ἐψεγμένω εἴητον,
εἶτον 		ἐψεγμένω εἰήτην,
εἴτην 		ἐψεγμένοι εἴημεν,
εἶμεν 		ἐψεγμένοι εἴητε,
εἶτε 		ἐψεγμένοι εἴησᾰν,
εἶεν
imperative   ἔψεξο ἐψέχθω ἔψεχθον ἐψέχθων   ἔψεχθε ἐψέχθων
middle/passive
infinitive ἐψέχθαι
participle m ἐψεγμένος
f ἐψεγμένη
n ἐψεγμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • παμψέκτωρ (pampséktōr)
  • φιλόψογος (philópsogos)
  • ψέκτης (pséktēs)
  • ψεκτικός (psektikós)
  • ψέξις (pséxis)
  • ψογερός (psogerós)
  • ψογιστής (psogistḗs)
  • ψόγος (psógos)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ψέγω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1661

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψέγω (pségō).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpse.ɣo/
  • Hyphenation: ψέ‧γω

Verb

ψέγω • (pségo) (past έψεξα, passive ψέγομαι, p‑past ψέχτηκα) (passive forms, rare)

  1. to criticize, fault

Conjugation

ψέγω   ψέγομαι
Active voice ➤ Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Present Dependent
1 sg ψέγω ψέξω ψέγομαι ψεχτώ
2 sg ψέγεις ψέξεις ψέγεσαι ψεχτείς
3 sg ψέγει ψέξει ψέγεται ψεχτεί
1 pl ψέγουμε, [‑ομε] ψέξουμε, [‑ομε] ψεγόμαστε ψεχτούμε
2 pl ψέγετε ψέξετε ψέγεστε, ψεγόσαστε ψεχτείτε
3 pl ψέγουν(ε) ψέξουν(ε) ψέγονται ψεχτούν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤ Imperfect Simple past
1 sg έψεγα έψεξα ψεγόμουν(α) ψέχτηκα
2 sg έψεγες έψεξες ψεγόσουν(α) ψέχτηκες
3 sg έψεγε έψεξε ψεγόταν(ε) ψέχτηκε
1 pl ψέγαμε ψέξαμε ψεγόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) ψεχτήκαμε
2 pl ψέγατε ψέξατε ψεγόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) ψεχτήκατε
3 pl έψεγαν, ψέγαν(ε) έψεξαν, ψέξαν(ε) ψέγονταν, (ψεγόντουσαν) ψέχτηκαν, ψεχτήκαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤ Continuous Simple
1 sg θα ψέγω ➤ θα ψέξω ➤ θα ψέγομαι ➤ θα ψεχτώ ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα ψέγεις, … θα ψέξεις, … θα ψέγεσαι, … θα ψεχτείς, …
Perfect aspect ➤ Perfect aspect
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … ψέξει   έχω, έχεις, … ψεχτεί
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … ψέξει   είχα, είχες, … ψεχτεί
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … ψέξει   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … ψεχτεί
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg ψέγε ψέξε — ψέξου
2 pl ψέγετε ψέξτε, ψέχτε2 ψέγεστε ψεχτείτε
Other forms Active voice Passive voice
Present participle➤ ψέγοντας ➤ —
Perfect participle➤ έχοντας ψέξει ➤ —
Nonfinite form➤ ψέξει ψεχτεί
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. Colloquial.
 • Passive voice forms are more rare.
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.
  • αψεγάδιαστος (apsegádiastos)
  • ψεγάδι n (psegádi, “defect, fault”)
  • ψεγαδιάζω (psegadiázo)
  • ψεγάδιασμα n (psegádiasma)
  • ψέκτης m (pséktis)
  • ψεκτός (psektós)
  • ψόγος m (psógos, “blame, criticism”)

References

  1. ^ ψέγω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
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