τύραννος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Perhaps a borrowing of a Lydian word for “king” or a similar word in another language of Asia Minor.[1][2]
Compare Hittite [script needed] (šarawanaš), [script needed] (tarawanaš), Philistine 𐤈𐤓𐤍 (ṭrn, “lord, ruler”),[3] Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌍 (turon, “mistress, lady”), a surname of Venus, which is probably related.[2]
Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.[4]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tý.ran.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈti.ra.nos/
Noun
τῠ́ρᾰννος • (tŭ́rănnos) m or f (genitive τῠρᾰ́ννου); second declension
- absolute ruler (originally applied to the Lydian king Gyges)
- (with negative connotation) tyrant; dictator; despot
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ / ἡ τῠ́ρᾰννος ho / hē tŭ́rănnos |
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ tŭrắnnō |
οἱ / αἱ τῠ́ρᾰννοι hoi / hai tŭ́rănnoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ / τῆς τῠρᾰ́ννου toû / tês tŭrắnnou |
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn tŭrắnnoin |
τῶν τῠρᾰ́ννων tôn tŭrắnnōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ / τῇ τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tōî / tēî tŭrắnnōi |
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn tŭrắnnoin |
τοῖς / ταῖς τῠρᾰ́ννοις toîs / taîs tŭrắnnois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν / τὴν τῠ́ρᾰννον tòn / tḕn tŭ́rănnon |
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ tŭrắnnō |
τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς τῠρᾰ́ννους toùs / tā̀s tŭrắnnous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | τῠ́ρᾰννε tŭ́rănne |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- αἰνοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ainotŭ́rănnos)
- ᾰ̓ντῐτῠρᾰννέω (ăntĭtŭrănnéō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐτῠρᾰννῶ (ăntĭtŭrănnô)
- ᾰ̓τῠρᾰ́ννευτος (ătŭrắnneutos)
- ᾰ̓τῠρᾰ́ννητος (ătŭrắnnētos)
- ᾰ̓τῠ́ρᾰννος (ătŭ́rănnos)
- ἐντῠρᾰννέομαι (entŭrănnéomai)
- ἐντῠρᾰννέω (entŭrănnéō)
- ἐντῠρᾰννῶ (entŭrănnô)
- ῐ̓σοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ĭsotŭ́rănnos)
- κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννεύω (kătătŭrănneúō)
- κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννέω (kătătŭrănnéō)
- κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννῶ (kătătŭrănnô)
- κηποτῠ́ρᾰννος (kēpotŭ́rănnos)
- μηνοτῠ́ρᾰννος (mēnotŭ́rănnos)
- μῑσοτῠ́ρᾰννος (mīsotŭ́rănnos)
- μῡρῐᾰτῠρᾰννέω (mūrĭătŭrănnéō)
- μῡρῐᾰτῠρᾰννῶ (mūrĭătŭrănnô)
- μῡρῐοτῠρᾰννήσεις (mūrĭotŭrănnḗseis)
- μῡρῐοτῠρᾰννῐ́ζω (mūrĭotŭrănnĭ́zō)
- ὀδοντοτῠ́ρᾰννος (odontotŭ́rănnos)
- οἰκοτῠ́ρᾰννος (oikotŭ́rănnos)
- ὀλεσσῐτῠ́ρᾰννος (olessĭtŭ́rănnos)
- ὁμοιοτῠ́ρᾰννος (homoiotŭ́rănnos)
- ὁμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (homotŭ́rănnos)
- πολῠτῠ́ρᾰννος (polŭtŭ́rănnos)
- πτερῠγοτῠ́ρᾰννος (pterŭgotŭ́rănnos)
- σῠντῠρᾰννέομαι (sŭntŭrănnéomai)
- σῠντῠρᾰννεύω (sŭntŭrănneúō)
- σῠντῠρᾰννέω (sŭntŭrănnéō)
- σῠντῠρᾰννοκτονέω (sŭntŭrănnoktonéō)
- σῠντῠρᾰννοκτονῶ (sŭntŭrănnoktonô)
- σῠντῠ́ρᾰννος (sŭntŭ́rănnos)
- σῠντῠρᾰννῶ (sŭntŭrănnô)
- τῠρᾰννᾰ́ω (tŭrănnắō)
- τῠρᾰννεῖον (tŭrănneîon)
- τῠρᾰννεύω (tŭrănneúō)
- τῠρᾰννέω (tŭrănnéō)
- τῠρᾰννησείω (tŭrănnēseíō)
- τῠρᾰ́ννησῐς (tŭrắnnēsĭs)
- τῠρᾰννητέον (tŭrănnētéon)
- τῠρᾰννῐ́ᾱ (tŭrănnĭ́ā)
- τῠρᾰννῐᾰ́ω (tŭrănnĭắō)
- τῠρᾰννῐ́ζω (tŭrănnĭ́zō)
- τῠρᾰννῐκᾰ́ (tŭrănnĭkắ)
- τῠρᾰννῐκόν (tŭrănnĭkón)
- τῠρᾰννῐκός (tŭrănnĭkós)
- τῠρᾰννῐκῶς (tŭrănnĭkôs)
- τῠρᾰννῐ́ς (tŭrănnĭ́s)
- τῠρᾰννῐῶ (tŭrănnĭô)
- Τῠρᾰννῐ́ων (Tŭrănnĭ́ōn)
- τῠρᾰννογνόφος (tŭrănnognóphos)
- τῠρᾰννοδαίμων (tŭrănnodaímōn)
- τῠρᾰννοδῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (tŭrănnodĭdắskălos)
- τῠρᾰννοκτόνειος (tŭrănnoktóneios)
- τῠρᾰννοκτονέω (tŭrănnoktonéō)
- τῠρᾰννοκτονῐ́ᾱ (tŭrănnoktonĭ́ā)
- τῠρᾰννοκτονῐκός (tŭrănnoktonĭkós)
- τῠρᾰννοκτόνῐος (tŭrănnoktónĭos)
- τῠρᾰννοκτόνος (tŭrănnoktónos)
- τῠρᾰννοκτονῶ (tŭrănnoktonô)
- τῠ́ρᾰννον (tŭ́rănnon)
- τῠρᾰννοποιός (tŭrănnopoiós)
- τῠρᾰννοπολῑ́της (tŭrănnopolī́tēs)
- Τῠ́ρᾰννος (Tŭ́rănnos)
- τῠρᾰννοφόνος (tŭrănnophónos)
- τῠρᾰννόφρων (tŭrănnóphrōn)
- τῠρᾰννόω (tŭrănnóō)
- τῠρᾰννῶ (tŭrănnô)
- τῠρᾰννώδης (tŭrănnṓdēs)
- τῠρᾰ́ννως (tŭrắnnōs)
- ῠ̔ποτῠ́ρᾰννος (hŭpotŭ́rănnos)
- φῐλοτῠ́ρᾰννος (phĭlotŭ́rănnos)
- φλογμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (phlogmotŭ́rănnos)
- ψῡχοτῠ́ρᾰννος (psūkhotŭ́rănnos)
- ὠμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ōmotŭ́rănnos)
Descendants
- → Coptic: ⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲟⲥ (turanos)
- → Latin: tyrannus (see there for further descendants)
- → Lithuanian: tironas
Adjective
τῠ́ρᾰννος • (tŭ́rănnos) m or f (neuter τῠ́ρᾰννον); second declension
Declension
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | τῠ́ρᾰννος tŭ́rănnos |
τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă | ||||||||
| Genitive | τῠρᾰ́ννου tŭrắnnou |
τῠρᾰ́ννου tŭrắnnou |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννων tŭrắnnōn |
τῠρᾰ́ννων tŭrắnnōn | ||||||||
| Dative | τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tŭrắnnōi |
τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tŭrắnnōi |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοις tŭrắnnois |
τῠρᾰ́ννοις tŭrắnnois | ||||||||
| Accusative | τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon |
τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννους tŭrắnnous |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă | ||||||||
| Vocative | τῠ́ρᾰννε tŭ́rănne |
τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| τῠρᾰ́ννως tŭrắnnōs |
τῠρᾰννότερος tŭrănnóteros |
τῠρᾰννότᾰτος tŭrănnótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
References
- ^ Gregory Nagy, Homer the Preclassic (→ISBN), page 363: Even the Greek usage of the word turannos 'tyrant' is relevant, since it represents the Lydian word for 'king'.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “tyrant”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Nancy K. Sandars, The Sea Peoples: Warriors of the Ancient Mediterranean, 1250–1150 BC, Thames and Hudson, 1978
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τύραννος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1519-20
Further reading
- “τύραννος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τύραννος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τύραννος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “τύραννος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- autocrat idem, page 54.
- despot idem, page 217.
- despotic idem, page 217.
- imperial idem, page 420.
- imperious idem, page 420.
- king idem, page 469.
- kingly idem, page 470.
- lord idem, page 500.
- masterful idem, page 517.
- princely idem, page 641.
- princess idem, page 641.
- queen idem, page 664.
- queenly idem, page 664.
- regal idem, page 686.
- royal idem, page 724.
- ruler idem, page 726.
- tyrannical idem, page 905.
- tyrant idem, page 905.
- usurper idem, page 941.
- τύραννος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Noun
τύραννος • (týrannos) m (plural τύραννοι)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | τύραννος (týrannos) | τύραννοι (týrannoi) |
| genitive | τυράννου (tyránnou) | τυράννων (tyránnon) |
| accusative | τύραννο (týranno) | τυράννους (tyránnous) |
| vocative | τύραννε (týranne) | τύραννοι (týrannoi) |
Synonyms
Related terms
- τυραννία f (tyrannía, “tyranny”)
- τυραννικός (tyrannikós, “tyrannical”)
- τυραννώ (tyrannó, “to tyrannise”)
Further reading
- τύραννος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el