τρύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *truHyéti, itself from a root *trewH- (“to rub”),[1] perhaps whence also Proto-Slavic *tryti (“idem”), Lithuanian trūnė́ti (“to spoil, putrefy, deacay”).[2] The root is sometimes taken as an extension of the more traditionally-reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, pierce”),[3] though this appears uncertain. However, according to the linguist Miguel Villanueva Svensson, the term is attested to late and too sparsely to be inherited from PIE. Instead, according to Svensson, it is likely an inner-Greek formation, though still apparently from the PIE root mentioned above.[4]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

τρῡ́ω • (trū́ō)

  1. to rub down, wear out

Conjugation

   Present: τρῡ́ω, τρῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τρῡ́ω τρῡ́εις τρῡ́ει τρῡ́ετον τρῡ́ετον τρῡ́ομεν τρῡ́ετε τρῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive τρῡ́ω τρῡ́ῃς τρῡ́ῃ τρῡ́ητον τρῡ́ητον τρῡ́ωμεν τρῡ́ητε τρῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative τρῡ́οιμῐ τρῡ́οις τρῡ́οι τρῡ́οιτον τρῡοίτην τρῡ́οιμεν τρῡ́οιτε τρῡ́οιεν
imperative   τρῦε τρῡέτω τρῡ́ετον τρῡέτων   τρῡ́ετε τρῡόντων
middle/passive indicative τρῡ́ομαι τρῡ́ῃ,
τρῡ́ει 		τρῡ́εται τρῡ́εσθον τρῡ́εσθον τρῡόμεθᾰ τρῡ́εσθε τρῡ́ονται
subjunctive τρῡ́ωμαι τρῡ́ῃ τρῡ́ηται τρῡ́ησθον τρῡ́ησθον τρῡώμεθᾰ τρῡ́ησθε τρῡ́ωνται
optative τρῡοίμην τρῡ́οιο τρῡ́οιτο τρῡ́οισθον τρῡοίσθην τρῡοίμεθᾰ τρῡ́οισθε τρῡ́οιντο
imperative   τρῡ́ου τρῡέσθω τρῡ́εσθον τρῡέσθων   τρῡ́εσθε τρῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive τρῡ́ειν τρῡ́εσθαι
participle m τρῡ́ων τρῡόμενος
f τρῡ́ουσᾰ τρῡομένη
n τρῦον τρῡόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: τρῡ́σω, τρῡ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τρῡ́σω τρῡ́σεις τρῡ́σει τρῡ́σετον τρῡ́σετον τρῡ́σομεν τρῡ́σετε τρῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative τρῡ́σοιμῐ τρῡ́σοις τρῡ́σοι τρῡ́σοιτον τρῡσοίτην τρῡ́σοιμεν τρῡ́σοιτε τρῡ́σοιεν
middle indicative τρῡ́σομαι τρῡ́σῃ,
τρῡ́σει 		τρῡ́σεται τρῡ́σεσθον τρῡ́σεσθον τρῡσόμεθᾰ τρῡ́σεσθε τρῡ́σονται
optative τρῡσοίμην τρῡ́σοιο τρῡ́σοιτο τρῡ́σοισθον τρῡσοίσθην τρῡσοίμεθᾰ τρῡ́σοισθε τρῡ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive τρῡ́σειν τρῡ́σεσθαι
participle m τρῡ́σων τρῡσόμενος
f τρῡ́σουσᾰ τρῡσομένη
n τρῦσον τρῡσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: τέτρῡμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative τέτρῡμαι τέτρῡσαι τέτρῡται τέτρῡσθον τέτρῡσθον τετρῡ́μεθᾰ τέτρῡσθε τέτρῡνται
subjunctive τετρῡμένος ὦ τετρῡμένος ᾖς τετρῡμένος ᾖ τετρῡμένω ἦτον τετρῡμένω ἦτον τετρῡμένοι ὦμεν τετρῡμένοι ἦτε τετρῡμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative τετρῡμένος εἴην τετρῡμένος εἴης τετρῡμένος εἴη τετρῡμένω εἴητον,
εἶτον 		τετρῡμένω εἰήτην,
εἴτην 		τετρῡμένοι εἴημεν,
εἶμεν 		τετρῡμένοι εἴητε,
εἶτε 		τετρῡμένοι εἴησᾰν,
εἶεν
imperative   τέτρῡσο τετρῡ́σθω τέτρῡσθον τετρῡ́σθων   τέτρῡσθε τετρῡ́σθων
middle/passive
infinitive τετρῦσθαι
participle m τετρῡμένος
f τετρῡμένη
n τετρῡμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • →⇒ Translingual: Xylotrya

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*treṷH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 652-653
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τρύω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1514
  3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*treu(hx)-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 490
  4. ^ Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2011), “The Accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kalt, Sl. *költi and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in Lituanistika‎[1], number 7, pages 311-312

Further reading

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