τέθηπα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

  • According to the linguist Roman Garnier, the term probably derives from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂bʰ-, whence also perhaps Lithuanian dóbti (“to smash, hit”). Garnier suggests that Proto-Indo-European *déh₂bʰ-ye-ti (whence also Proto-Balto-Slavic *dā́ˀbtei) would perhaps have yielded Proto-Hellenic *tʰā́pʰ-yō, whence perhaps *θήπω (*thḗpō), which could have produced a perfect form of the shape τέθηπα (téthēpa). For a semantic comparison, Garnier notes the existence of Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”) beside Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat”).[1]
  • The LIV alternatively suggests an original perfect *dʰe-dʰómbʰ-e and root aorist *dʰémbʰ-t, both from a root *dʰembʰ-.[2] The LIV distinguishes this pre-form from the root underlying Sanskrit दम्भ् (dambh), though the linguist Alexander S. W. Forte suggests that they are probably the same root. Nevertheless, Forte argues that the connection between τέθηπα (téthēpa) and *dʰembʰ- is probably to be rejected due to the lack of a nasal in the Greek term.[3] Forte does, however, argue that it is possible that two original thematic root aorist *dʰm̥bʰ-e-t and *dh₂bʰ-e-t (which belongs to the aforementioned merged *deh₂bʰ-) during the transition from Proto-Indo-European to Ancient Greek, perhaps producing the aorist τάφον (táphon).
  • Beekes compares this term to Ancient Greek θάμβος (thámbos), though he suggests that the variation between -ταφ- (-taph-)/-θαπ- (-thap-)/-θαμβ- (-thamb-) indicates a Pre-Greek origin.[4]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

τέθηπᾰ • (téthēpă)

  1. (intransitive) to be astonished, astounded, amazed
  2. (transitive) to be amazed at

Conjugation

Found only in the aorist, perfect (which has present meaning), and pluperfect (which has imperfect meaning); in all tenses, the participles are more common than finite forms.

   Aorist: ἔτᾰφον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔτᾰφον ἔτᾰφες ἔτᾰφε(ν) ἐτᾰ́φετον ἐτᾰφέτην ἐτᾰ́φομεν ἐτᾰ́φετε ἔτᾰφον
subjunctive τᾰ́φω τᾰ́φῃς τᾰ́φῃ τᾰ́φητον τᾰ́φητον τᾰ́φωμεν τᾰ́φητε τᾰ́φωσῐ(ν)
optative τᾰ́φοιμῐ τᾰ́φοις τᾰ́φοι τᾰ́φοιτον τᾰφοίτην τᾰ́φοιμεν τᾰ́φοιτε τᾰ́φοιεν
imperative   τᾰ́φε τᾰφέτω τᾰ́φετον τᾰφέτων   τᾰ́φετε τᾰφόντων
active
infinitive τᾰφεῖν
participle m τᾰφών
f τᾰφοῦσᾰ
n τᾰφόν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: τᾰ́φον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τᾰ́φον τᾰ́φες τᾰ́φε(ν) τᾰ́φετον τᾰφέτην τᾰ́φομεν τᾰ́φετε τᾰ́φον
subjunctive τᾰ́φω,
τᾰ́φωμῐ 		τᾰ́φῃς,
τᾰ́φῃσθᾰ 		τᾰ́φῃ,
τᾰ́φῃσῐ(ν) 		τᾰ́φητον τᾰ́φητον τᾰ́φωμεν τᾰ́φητε τᾰ́φωσῐ(ν)
optative τᾰ́φοιμῐ τᾰ́φοις,
τᾰ́φοισθᾰ 		τᾰ́φοι τᾰφεῖτον τᾰφείτην τᾰφεῖμεν τᾰφεῖτε τᾰφεῖεν
imperative   τᾰ́φε τᾰφέτω τᾰ́φετον τᾰφέτων   τᾰ́φετε τᾰφόντων
active
infinitive τᾰφεῖν,
τᾰφέμεν(αι)
participle m τᾰφών
f τᾰφοῦσᾰ
n τᾰφόν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: τέθηπᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τέθηπᾰ τέθηπᾰς τέθηπε(ν) τεθήπᾰτον τεθήπᾰτον τεθήπᾰμεν τεθήπᾰτε τεθήπᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive τεθήπω τεθήπῃς τεθήπῃ τεθήπητον τεθήπητον τεθήπωμεν τεθήπητε τεθήπωσῐ(ν)
optative τεθήποιμῐ,
τεθηποίην 		τεθήποις,
τεθηποίης 		τεθήποι,
τεθηποίη 		τεθήποιτον τεθηποίτην τεθήποιμεν τεθήποιτε τεθήποιεν
imperative   τέθηπε τεθηπέτω τεθήπετον τεθηπέτων   τεθήπετε τεθηπόντων
active
infinitive τεθηπέναι
participle m τεθηπώς
f τεθηπυῖᾰ
n τεθηπός
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐτεθήπεᾰ (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐτεθήπεᾰ ἐτεθήπεᾰς ἐτεθήπεε(ν) ἐτεθήπετον ἐτεθηπέτην ἐτεθήπεμεν ἐτεθήπετε ἐτεθήπεσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

  1. ^ Garnier, Roman (22 August 2025), “Greek Verbs in -βω: A Survey”, in Jesús de la Villa, Araceli Striano, and Rodrigo Verano, editors, Advances in Ancient Greek Linguistics‎[1], De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 89-90
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?1. *dʰembʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 143
  3. ^ Forte, Alexander S.W. (2018), “The cognitive linguistics of Homeric surprise”, in The Routledge Handbook of Classics and Cognitive Theory‎[2], Taylor & Francis, →DOI, page 47-8 of 39-58
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θάμβος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 532-533

Further reading

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