νήφω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Back-formation from νήφων (nḗphōn, “sober”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-h₁égʷʰ-ō (literally “non-drinking”). The fact that the stem of the adjective is νήφον- (nḗphon-), not *νήφοντ- (*nḗphont-), shows that it is not originally a present participle. In the later language, a true present participle with stem νήφοντ- (nḗphont-) is also attested.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

νήφω • (nḗphō)

  1. to drink no wine
  2. (figurative) to be sober, dispassionate
  3. to be watchful

For quotations using this term, see Citations:νήφω.

Conjugation

   Present: νήφω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative νήφω νήφεις νήφει νήφετον νήφετον νήφομεν νήφετε νήφουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive νήφω νήφῃς νήφῃ νήφητον νήφητον νήφωμεν νήφητε νήφωσῐ(ν)
optative νήφοιμῐ νήφοις νήφοι νήφοιτον νηφοίτην νήφοιμεν νήφοιτε νήφοιεν
imperative   νῆφε νηφέτω νήφετον νηφέτων   νήφετε νηφόντων
active
infinitive νήφειν
participle m νήφων
f νήφουσᾰ
n νῆφον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔνηφον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔνηφον ἔνηφες ἔνηφε(ν) ἐνήφετον ἐνηφέτην ἐνήφομεν ἐνήφετε ἔνηφον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: νήψω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative νήψω νήψεις νήψει νήψετον νήψετον νήψομεν νήψετε νήψουσῐ(ν)
optative νήψοιμῐ νήψοις νήψοι νήψοιτον νηψοίτην νήψοιμεν νήψοιτε νήψοιεν
active
infinitive νήψειν
participle m νήψων
f νήψουσᾰ
n νῆψον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔνηψᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔνηψᾰ ἔνηψᾰς ἔνηψε(ν) ἐνήψᾰτον ἐνηψᾰ́την ἐνήψᾰμεν ἐνήψᾰτε ἔνηψᾰν
subjunctive νήψω νήψῃς νήψῃ νήψητον νήψητον νήψωμεν νήψητε νήψωσῐ(ν)
optative νήψαιμῐ νήψειᾰς,
νήψαις 		νήψειε(ν),
νήψαι 		νήψαιτον νηψαίτην νήψαιμεν νήψαιτε νήψειᾰν,
νήψαιεν
imperative   νῆψον νηψᾰ́τω νήψᾰτον νηψᾰ́των   νήψᾰτε νηψᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive νῆψαι
participle m νήψᾱς
f νήψᾱσᾰ
n νῆψᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀνανήφω (ananḗphō)
  • ἐκνήφω (eknḗphō)
  • ἔκνηψις (éknēpsis)
  • ἐννήφω (ennḗphō)
  • ἐπινήφω (epinḗphō)
  • νηφάλιος (nēphálios)
  • νῆψις (nêpsis)
  • ὑπονήφω (huponḗphō)

Further reading

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